scholarly journals The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills—A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6720
Author(s):  
Bernhard Langer ◽  
Sophia Grimm ◽  
Gwenda Lungfiel ◽  
Franca Mandlmeier ◽  
Vanessa Wenig
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Patient ◽  
Guideline Recommendation ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Patient Study ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

Background: In Germany, there are two different active substances, levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), available as emergency contraception (the “morning after pill”) with UPA still effective even 72 to 120 h after unprotected sexual intercourse, unlike LNG. Emergency contraceptive pills have been available without a medical prescription since March 2015 but are still only dispensed by community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to determine the counselling and dispensing behaviour of pharmacy staff and the factors that may influence this behaviour in a scenario that intends that only the emergency contraceptive pill containing the active substance UPA is dispensed (appropriate outcome). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the form of a covert simulated patient study in a random sample of community pharmacies stratified by location in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and reported in accordance with the STROBE statement. Each pharmacy was visited once at random by one of four trained test buyers. They simulated a product-based request for an emergency contraceptive pill, stating contraceptive failure 3.5 days prior as the reason. The test scenario and the evaluation forms are based on the recommended actions, including the checklist from the Federal Chamber of Pharmacies. Results: All 199 planned pharmacy visits were carried out. The appropriate outcome (dispensing of UPA) was achieved in 78.9% of the test purchases (157/199). A significant correlation was identified between the use of the counselling room and the use of a checklist (p < 0.001). The use of a checklist led to a significantly higher questioning score (p < 0.001). In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, a higher questioning score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.22–1.63; p < 0.001) and a time between 12:01 and 4:00 p.m. (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.13–5.73; p = 0.024) compared to 8:00 to 12:00 a.m. were significantly associated with achieving the appropriate outcome. Conclusions: In a little over one-fifth of all test purchases, the required dispensing of UPA did not occur. The use of a counselling room and a checklist, the use of a checklist and the questioning score as well as the questioning score and achieving the appropriate outcome are all significantly correlated. A target regulation for the use of a counselling room, an explicit guideline recommendation about the use of a checklist, an obligation for keeping UPA in stock and appropriate mandatory continuing education programmes should be considered.

scholarly journals Use of emergency contraceptive pill in India: boon or bane

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Anjana Verma ◽  
Medha Mathur ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Mukesh Kabra ◽  
Suresh Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

It has been almost fifteen years since emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) have been made available over the counter in India. There have been concerns about the overuse/misuse of ECPs and probability to replace regular contraceptive methods. This article presents various facets of the use of emergency contraceptive pills in India and highlights the importance of potential research to prevent its misuse.

Ectopic Pregnancy following Levonorgestrel Postcoital Contraceptive Pill

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Alka Sehgal ◽  
Shikha Rani ◽  
Anamika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Menstrual Irregularity ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Ectopic Gestation ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

ABSTRACT Aim and background Emergency contraception (EC) is a boon, as it reduces the incidence of unintended pregnancies. Theoretically, failure of EC can lead to ectopic gestation. However, the causal relation between the failure of EC pill and ectopic pregnancy has not yet been established. The above effect is difficult to establish since all such cases may not get reported. Case Report We are reporting a case of ectopic pregnancy following levonorgestrel EC pill. This was a multiparous woman who was admitted with compliant of lower abdomen pain and irregular bleeding following use of levonorgestrel EC pill. She was diagnosed as a case of ectopic pregnancy and was operated for the same. Conclusion Emergency contraceptive pills should not be used as a regular contraceptive. Doctor should be consulted immediately in case of any menstrual irregularity following its use. Clinical significance As only theoretically we can say that EC pill leads to ectopic pregnancy so the word differential diagnosis is written in abstract. Exact explanation was given in the text. How to cite this article Rani S, Sehgal A, Singh A. Ectopic Pregnancy following Levonorgestrel Postcoital Contraceptive Pill. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):131-132.

scholarly journals LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Sunita Ghike ◽  
Savita A Somalwar ◽  
Sulbha A Joshi ◽  
Anjali S Kawthalkar ◽  
Sheela H Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Protection Rate ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

ABSTRACT Hormonal emergency contraceptive drugs designed to prevent undesired pregnancy are available over the counter. In spite of availability of various contraceptive techniques, couple protection rate in our country is still inadequate. A large number of couples prefer to use emergency contraceptive pill instead of regular contraceptives. Though hormonal emergency contraceptives pills are highly effective and safe with fewer side effects, their failure rate is high when used in periovulatory period with increased chances of ectopic pregnancy. How to cite this article Jain SH, Ghike S, Gawande MS, Joshi SA, Kawthalkar AS, Somalwar SA. LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):87-88.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Community Pharmacy Practitioners working in Kathmandu Valley: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujyoti Shakya ◽  
sweta shrestha ◽  
Rojeena Koju Shrestha ◽  
Usha Giri ◽  
Sunil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
The City ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background Unintended pregnancy occurs due to incorrect or inconsistent use of a contraception method. Such pregnancies can create an economic burden on the family, society and nation as a whole. Unintended pregnancy is the underlying cause of abortion which can also result in infertility and maternal death. Adequate knowledge of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) and positive attitude among the community pharmacy practitioners (CPPs) is a prerequisite for timely access of ECP, thus ultimately abating the incidence of unintended pregnancies. This study intended to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice of CPPs toward ECPs in Kathmandu valley. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted in community pharmacies located in three districts of Kathmandu valley. A convenience sampling method was employed to interview CPPs in 227 community pharmacies using a validated questionnaire. Questionnaire assessed the demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and dispensing practice of the CPPs. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis using SPSS 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results Approximately 74.9% of respondents had a good practice on dispensing ECPs, and 70% of them counselled all the users. A significant association (p-value<0.05) was obtained between the dispensing practice of respondents and their knowledge level. ECP related knowledge was higher among the age group 40-49 years, BPharm degree holders with experience above ten years and community pharmacies located inside the city and in the Kathmandu district. After adjusting the possible confounder variables, age, degree and district of pharmacy were significantly associated with knowledge. Similarly, respondents' practice towards ECP was higher among the age group 40-49 years with experience above ten years and community pharmacies located inside the city and in the Kathmandu district. Adjusted for other variables, only community pharmacies located at Kathmandu district was significantly associated with the practice. Conclusion CPPs lacked specific important information on ECP and opined against its' availability as an OTC drug, despite good overall knowledge and positive attitude. Many thought that ECP without prescription would increase promiscuity towards sexual behaviour and result in unsafe sex along with its' repeated use. Hence, training and proper counselling strategies should be afoot to refine the delivery of service by CPPs.

scholarly journals Kontrasepsi Darurat dan Permasalahannya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Erna Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Copper Intrauterine Device

Abstract: Emergency contraception is a contraceptive method that can prevent pregnancy if used immediately following unprotected sex. The use of emergency contraception could reduce the rate of unwanted pregnancy by up to 50%. There are two emergency contraceptive methods, including the emergency contraceptive pill and copper intrauterine device (IUD). Emergency contraceptive pills should be taken immediately following unprotected sex and are most effective when taken within 24 hours. IUD as an emergency contraceptive can be applied five days after unprotected sex, and it does not cause abortion. There is no absolute contraindication for emergency contraception except for known pregnancy, and simply because it is ineffective. The efficacy of emergency contraception can be defined by the proportion of women who become pregnant after using this method and the total pregnancy observed after using the method divided by the estimated number of pregnancies that would occur without using the method.Keywords: emergency contraception; sexual intercourse; pregnancy  Abstrak: Kontrasepsi darurat dapat mencegah kehamilan bila digunakan segera setelah senggama. Penggunaan kontrasepsi darurat dapat menurunkan angka kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan hingga 50%. Terdapat dua metode kontrasepsi darurat, yaitu pil kontrasepsi darurat dan alat kontrasepsi dalam rahim (AKDR) yang menggunakan tembaga. Pil kontrasepsi darurat harus diberikan sesegera mungkin setelah senggama tidak terlindungi, dan paling efektif bila diberikan dalam waktu 24 jam. AKDR sebagai kontrasepsi darurat dapat dipasang hingga lima hari pasca senggama tidak terlindungi. Kontrasepsi darurat terutama bekerja dengan mencegah fertilisasi, dan tidak menggugurkan kehamilan. Tidak ada kontraindikasi absolut untuk penggunaan kontrasepsi darurat kecuali kehamilan yang diketahui, dan ini hanya karena tidak efektif. Efektivitas kontrasepsi darurat dapat didefinisikan dari proporsi wanita menjadi hamil setelah menggunakan metode ini, dan jumlah kehamilan yang diamati setelah penggunaan dibagi dengan perkiraan jumlah kehamilan yang akan terjadi tanpa penggunaan.Kata kunci: kontrasepsi darurat; senggama; kehamilan

scholarly journals Protocol for ACCESS: a qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators to accessing the emergency contraceptive pill from community pharmacies in Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e010009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safeera Yasmeen Hussainy ◽  
Ayesha Ghosh ◽  
Angela Taft ◽  
Danielle Mazza ◽  
Kirsten Isla Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

scholarly journals The effects of an educational program on knowledge, attitudes and intentions regarding condom and emergency contraceptive pill use among Thai female university students

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowanee Thongnopakun ◽  
Tepanata Pumpaibool ◽  
Ratana Somrongthong
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

Purpose University students who have low knowledge, attitudes and intentions regarding the prevention of unintended pregnancies may experience higher rates of unintended pregnancies. An educational program was developed based on the self-efficacy theory and peer-led education to improve unintended pregnancy problems among university students. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of an educational program on knowledge, attitudes and intentions regarding the use of condoms and emergency contraceptive pills among Thai university students. Design/methodology/approach The effectiveness of the educational program was tested by a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test design. The study was conducted between September and October 2017. Multistage sampling was used to recruit 73 Thai female university students, including 36 students in the intervention group and 37 students in the comparison group. The intervention group received an eight-week educational program, while the comparison group did not. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the improvement of knowledge, attitudes and intention regarding condom and emergency contraceptive pill use. Descriptive statistics, paired samples t-test, Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney tests were used for data analysis. Findings Most participants in both groups had sexual intercourse. After the end of the program, the before-after mean score of the intervention group’s knowledge (8.0, 11.0), attitudes (29.4, 32.4) and intention (17.4, 20.4) were significantly increased (p-value<0.001). Post-intervention, there were statistically significant differences in knowledge scores (p-value<0.001) and intention scores (p-value=0.04) between the intervention group and the comparison group. Originality/value This educational program increases knowledge and intention but does not influence attitudes toward using condoms and emergency contraceptive pills.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Community Pharmacy Practitioners working in Kathmandu Valley: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujyoti Shakya ◽  
sweta shrestha ◽  
Rojeena Koju Shrestha ◽  
Usha Giri ◽  
Sunil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
The City ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background Unintended pregnancy occurs due to incorrect or inconsistent use of a contraception method. Such pregnancies can create an economic burden on the family, society and nation as a whole. Unintended pregnancy is the underlying cause of abortion which can also result in infertility and maternal death. Adequate knowledge of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) and positive attitudes among the community pharmacy practitioners (CPPs) is a prerequisite for timely access of ECP, thus ultimately lessening the incidence of unintended pregnancies. This study intended to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice of CPPs toward ECPs in Kathmandu valley. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted in community pharmacies located in three districts of Kathmandu valley. A convenience sampling method was employed to interview CPPs in 227 community pharmacies using a validated questionnaire. Questionnaire assessed the demographic characteristics; knowledge, attitude and dispensing practice of the CPPs. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis using SPSS 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results Approximately 74.9% of respondents had a good practice on dispensing ECPs, and 70% of them counselled all the users. A significant association (p-value<0.05) was obtained between the dispensing practice of respondents and their knowledge level. ECP related knowledge was higher among the age group 40-49 years, BPharm degree holders with experience above ten years and community pharmacies located inside the city and in the Kathmandu district. After adjusting the possible confounder variables, age, degree and district of pharmacy were significantly associated with knowledge. Similarly, respondents' practice towards ECP was higher among the age group 40-49 years with experience above ten years and community pharmacies located inside the city and in the Kathmandu district. Adjusted for other variables, only community pharmacies located at Kathmandu district was significantly associated with the practice. Conclusion CPPs lacked specific important information on ECP and opined against its' availability as an OTC drug, despite good overall knowledge and positive attitude. Many thought that ECP without prescription would increase promiscuity towards sexual behaviour and result in unsafe sex along with its' repeated use. Hence, training and proper counselling strategies should be afoot to refine the delivery of service by CPPs.

Emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) and sexual risk behaviour

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Dupont ◽  
Jessica Webber ◽  
Kavita Dass ◽  
Susan Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Stis And Hiv

The study describes a cross-section of women using the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP), with regard to demographics, ECP use, sexual health, sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV risk perception and attitudes to condom use. All women attending a London hospital for the ECP over a four-month period were invited to complete a 30-item questionnaire anonymously. Of the 150 women attending, 88 (59%) took part. Over 60% needed the ECP because of unprotected sexual intercourse (UPSI). A third had had UPSI in the previous three months, 70% had used ECP previously. The vast majority (>95%) did not think they were at high risk of STIs or HIV infection, and though the most likely explanations for UPSI were that it is more enjoyable and that people get 'carried away'. There are concerns that women are using the ECP as a form of contraception and are putting themselves at risk of STIs and HIV infection. Information regarding risk behaviour needs to be routinely given with the ECP in order to avoid further large increases in infection.

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