A Review of Indian Perceptions on Condom Use

In the late 1960s, India's National Family Planning Programme introduced condoms as one of the family planning methods. Since its inception, the condom has been promoted as a method of family planning through social marketing. With the rising prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as HIV/AIDS, the condom has been promoted as a dual method of protection against both unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Despite different initiatives at various levels, overall condom use among Indian couples remains low. In this paper, we examine the research on condom perception among Indian couples. The report specifically evaluates research and strategies designed to enhance condom usage among couples; predictors of condom use; reasons for not using a condom; and perception versus the experience of condom failure. Non-acceptance by partners, perceived ineffectiveness, reduced comfort, lack of sexual satisfaction, husband's alcohol usage, depression, and anxiety, and not being accessible at the time were among the reported condom-related issues. The importance of the media in promoting condom use was mentioned as a significant strategy to raise awareness and use. Acceptance of male condoms would be aided in a variety of ways.

From raw data to a score: Comparing quantitative methods that construct multi-level composite implementation strength scores of family planning programs in Malawi

Background: Data that capture implementation strength can be combined in multiple ways across content and health system levels to create a summary measure that can help us to explore and compare program implementation across facility catchment areas. Summary indices can make it easier for national policymakers to understand and address variation in strength of program implementation across jurisdictions. In this paper we describe development of an index that we used to describe the district level strength of implementation of the Malawi national family planning program. Methods: To develop the index, we used data collected during a 2017 national, health facility and community health worker Implementation Strength Assessment survey in Malawi to test different methods to combine indicators within and then across domains (4 methods: simple additive, weighted additive, principal components analysis, exploratory factor analysis) and combine scores across health facility and community health worker levels (2 methods: simple average and mixed effects model) to create a catchment area-level summary score for each health facility in Malawi. We explored how well each model captures variation and predicts couple years protection and how feasible it is to conduct each type of analysis and the resulting interpretability. Results: We found little difference in how the four methods combined indicator data at the individual and combined levels of the health system. However, there were major differences when combining scores across health system levels to obtain a score at the health facility catchment area level. The scores resulting from the mixed effects model were able to better discriminate differences between catchment area scores compared to the simple average method. The scores using the mixed effects combination method also demonstrated more of a dose and response relationship with couple years protection. Conclusions: The summary measure that was calculated from the mixed effects combination method captured the variation of strength of implementation of the Malawi national family planning program at the health facility catchment area level. However, the best method for creating an index should be based on pros and cons listed, not least, analyst capacity and ease of interpretability of findings. Ultimately, the resulting summary measure can aid decisionmakers in understanding the combined effect of multiple aspects of programs being implemented in their health system and comparing strengths of programs across geographies.

Literature Communication Health Reproductive Education of Youth in Anticipation of Early Marriage

The high number of cases of early marriage in Bantul raises its problems. Communication literacy Adolescent reproductive health is still low, so the researchers conducted this study. Research on communication literacy, adolescent reproductive health, education aims to: knowing the knowledge of adolescent reproductive education in Sorowajan, Bantul. Second, the researcher wants to provide literacy in reproductive education health communication for adolescents in Sorowajan, Bantul. This research method is descriptive qualitative, by conducting interviews and Focused Group Discussions with the youth of Bantul's Sorowajan Village According to the study's findings, many teenagers who marry at a young age do so due to a lack of knowledge about adolescent reproductive health, poverty, and a lack of education. The government has carried out adolescent reproductive education through several programs, including the National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) which has established Youth Family Development (BKR) groups whose targets are families with teenage children. Academics need to help the government carry out communication literacy on adolescent reproductive health, which in this case the researcher and the team have already done it.

Contraceptive Use, Access to Methods, and Program Efforts in Urban Areas

This article uses two large sets of internationally comparable national surveys to analyze urban patterns of contraceptive use, access to methods, and fertility. Urban areas show higher use of contraception and lower fertility rates than rural areas, with substantial differences in the method mix. Urban women tend more toward the long-term methods of the intrauterine device (IUD), implant, and sterilization and less toward short-term, resupply methods. The overall use increases with education and with higher wealth quintiles. By regions, contraceptive use is unbalanced between urban and rural sectors especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where the overall levels of use are lowest. Overall, the urban fertility rate is only 70% of the rural rate. Across countries, the fertility rate correlates negatively with contraceptive use. National family planning programs tend to raise contraceptive use and to improve access to the methods. About half of the unmarried, sexually active women use contraception, with great diversity in which method is preferred. This holds for all married women as well: regions and countries show quite different patterns of use. Therefore, planners and donors should focus on the circumstances in individual countries.

Barriers to vasectomy acceptance and uptake in Nigeria: a review of the literature

There is growing support of male involvement in reproductive health and the integration of voluntary vasectomy services into national family planning programs in lower resource contexts; yet, the prevalence of women of reproductive age who rely on vasectomy in African countries such as Nigeria, is less than 1 percent. We conducted this review to gain a broader understanding of current sociocultural and health systems’ conditions that need to be addressed to expand the integration and acceptability of vasectomy as an option for family planning in Nigeria. To explore this, we scoped existing literature on vasectomy in Nigeria between 2009 to 2021. Findings reveal that there is a strong awareness of vasectomy among men in Nigeria. Yet, several factors prevent men from having the same confidence in vasectomy as they have in female biomedical methods. Three significant themes emerged: 1) fear; 2) religious and cultural beliefs, which overlapped with fear; and 3) access to health providers and health facilities. These findings have implications for future family planning policies, strategies and programmes in the country.

FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI PADA SUAMI

Background the Family Planning Program (KB) has been established since 1970, together with the establishment of the National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN). The number of active family planning participants of husbands in Lampung Province tended to be low, namely 0.74% in MOP and 1.95% in condom users. The number of contraceptive users of husbands at Pinang Jaya Health Center is only 0.3%. The purpose of this study is to know the influence factor factor to users of contraception on husbands at Pinang Jaya Health Center Bandar Lampung City in 2018.Method of research used in this study is analytic observational and cross sectional design. Population is fertile age couples (PUS) in Pinang Jaya health centers as much as 987. Samples are counted as much as 312. Data collection techniques use primary data and data analysis using chi square and multiple logistic regression processed with computer programs. Results showed the use of contraception of husbands at Pinang Jaya Public Health Center in Bandar Lampung City 44.2%, good knowledge 50.6%, positive attitude 45.5%, higher education 60.3%, The results of hypothesis testing indicate there is influence of knowledge (p=0,000; OR=7.77), attitude (p=0,000; OR=8,01), education (p=0,000; OR=5,96) with the use of contraceptives of husbands. from these factors it is known that knowledge is the most dominant factor (p=0,000 and OR=4,380). Conclusion The most dominant factor influencing the use of contraceptives by husbands at the Pinang Jaya Health Center Bandar Lampung City is the knowledge variable (p = 0.000 and OR = 4.380) Suggestions for puskesmas are expected to create a limited club or class for fathers or husbands to facilitate the implementation of counseling about family planning and facilitate the counseling process for husbands about male contraceptives Keywords: factor factor,Contraceptives of husbands. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) sudah ditetapkan sejak tahun 1970, bersamaan dengan dibentuknya Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BkkbN). Jumlah peserta KB aktif pada suami di Provinsi Lampung cenderung rendah yaitu 0,74% pada MOP dan 1,95% pengguna kondom. Angka pengguna kontrasepsi pada suami di Puskesmas Pinang Jaya hanya 0,3%.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahui factor factor yang mempengaruhi pengguna alat kontrasepsi pada suami di Puskesmas Pinang Jaya Kota Bandar Lampung tahun 2018.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dan desain cross sectional. Populasi adalah Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) di Puskesmas Pinang Jaya sebanyak 987. Sampel dihitung sebanyak 312. Tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis data menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik berganda yang diolah dengan program komputer.Hasil penelitian Univariat menunjukkan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi pada suami di Puskesmas Pinang Jaya Kota Bandar Lampung 44,2%, pengetahuan baik 50,6%, sikap positif 45,5%, pendidikan tinggi 60,3%, Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan ada pengaruh pengetahuan (p=0,000;OR=7,77), sikap (p=0,000;OR=8,01), pendidikan (p=0,000;OR=5,96), dengan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi pada suami.Kesimpulan Faktor paling dominan berpengaruh dengan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi pada suami di Puskesmas Pinang Jaya Kota Bandar Lampung adalah variabel pengetahuan (p=0,000 dan OR=4,380)Saran Bagi puskesmas di harapkan Membuat klub terbatas atau kelas ayah atau suami untuk memudahkan pelaksanaan penyuluhan tentang KB dan memduahkan proses konseling suami tentang alat kontrasepsi pria KB Pria Kata Kunci: faktor factor, Alat kontrasepsi suami;

Self-injected Depot–Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Subcutaneous (DMPA-SC) Uptake in Nigeria: A Paradigm Shift

Self-injection of DMPA-SC method is one of the Government of Nigeria’s (GON) national family planning goals to address the unmet need for contraception. Some studies on DMPA-SC/SI have demonstrated its feasibility to improve modern contraceptive uptake. However, there is a gap in the predictors of method uptake and continuation across self-injecting and provider-administered in Nigeria. This study explored the uptake of self-injection DMPA-SC contraceptives among women in two geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study employed 20 focused group discussions (FGDs) and 40 In-depth interviews (IDIs). Self-structured pretested questionnaire to elicit information from 844 women registered for Family Planning in selected health facilities. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used to model determinants of DMPA-SC/SI family planning uptake. Six months of Secondary Data from the Health Management Information system (HMIS) was used to triangulate the trends in uptake. About 97.6% reported ever heard DMPA-SC/SI family planning method; 78.4% reported its uptake; while 88.5% reported ever heard of self-injection as an option of family planning method. Data for each State showed a remarkable increase in uptake of DMPA-SC/SI. The motivations to use DMPA-SC/Self Injection were ease of accessibility, convenience, and self-administer/care. Factors that encourage the uptake of DMPA-SC/SI were; health benefits, the prevailing economic situation and its effectiveness. Findings from the study showed that interventions that deploy health education, awareness, social mobilization, advocacy, policy implementation, and public sensitization, making contraceptive services available for free, will increase the uptake of Keywords: Determinants, DMPA-SC/SI, Practice, Self-injection, Uptake. DMPA-SC/SI in the study areas.

Evaluasi Tata Kelola Implementasi Program Bina Keluarga Lansia (BKL) pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

One of the National Family Planning Population Board (BKKBN) programs in an effort to introduce the concept of quality families is Bina keluarga Lansia (BKL). BKL is a group of activities carried out to improve the knowledge and skills of elderly families and families who have family members aged over 60 years and over in the development, care, care, and empowerment of the elderly to improve their welfare. BKL aims to improve the quality of life of the elderly, through increasing knowledge and skills themselves entering the old age period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the elderly family development program, the aspects evaluated in this study were input, process, and output. This research is qualitative research by conducting in-depth interviews with research informants. The results of the evaluation are known in the input section there is still a lack of human resources, funding has not been able to meet the needs, and infrastructure in the form of a special building for BKL does not yet exist. In the process of planning and implementing BKL activities, it has been going well but was hampered by the covid period. Recording and reporting have not been carried out properly, especially on the use of the online system. output is still low community participation in BKL activities. This happens because of the busyness and work of the family. The target of BKL activities is not only the elderly but also families who have the elderly, but the facts in the field are that BKL activities only focus on the elderly.

Negotiation of the use of medical contraception: Levers and obstacles within married couples in Benin

In developing countries, millions of married women who want to use medical contraception are unable to do so for various reasons. To address this gap in access to contraception international development actors are emphasizing, among other things, the implementation of empowerment programs for women to enable them to take ownership of issues related to their sexual and reproductive health. Nevertheless, studies show that beyond their socio-demographic characteristics, negotiating contraception as a couple is the essential determinant of medical contraception usage among married women in developing countries. Thus, some authors suggest that this aspect be considered in the strategies of national family planning programs. However, we do not know much about the reasons underlying the negotiation or silence around contraception in Beninese married couples. To fill this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with women and men living as married couples in Benin. The results show that this type of negotiation is mainly influenced by specific factors that can act as levers or obstacles. These data could help family planning service providers in Benin and possibly other developing countries to ensure greater contraceptive use among married women.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PASANGAN USIA SUBUR BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI SENGGAMA TERPUTUS

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF RELATED FERTILE AGE COUPLES WITH THE USE OF DISCONNECTED CONTRACEPTION TOOLS Background: This increase in population growth rate is due to the high birt rate. The government's efforts to reduce the high birth rate are through the National Family Planning Program. One of the factors affecting the increase in birth rates is the lack of use of contraceptive methods. Tembalang Subdistrict has 12 Kelurahan with a total of 29,756 Fertile Age Couples (PUS), and the number of Fertile Age Couples (PUS) who are not Family Planning (KB) participants as many as 7,905 people. The subdistric that do not use family planning (KB) the most are located in Kelurahan Meteseh with 1669 PUS from the number of fertile age couples (PUS), which are 4299 people (38.8%). Of the 4299 people who used the Intra Uterine Device (IUD), 272 were, the Operative Method for Men (MOP) was 14, the Female Operative Method (MOW) was 230, the Implant was 167 people, the injection was 1312, the Pill was 439, and the Condom was 196 people.Purpose: To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of couples of childbearing age and the use of intercourse contraceptives.Methods: descriptive study with cross sectional research design. By using a total sample of 39 couples of childbearing age in the village of Meteseh.Results: Majority of respondents had less knowledge 53.8% (21 PUS) and good knowledge 46.2% (18 PUS) while the use of contraceptive devices at PUS found that the majority of respondents were irregular in the use of interrupted intercourse 53.8% and the frequency 46.2% of regular intercourse use.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and the use of the intercourse contraceptive method.Suggestion For the community, especially fertile age couples, should increase knowledge about contraception, interrupted intercourse by seeking information through health workers or through the media. Keywords: Knowledge, Fertile Age Couple, Contraception ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kenaikan laju pertumbuhan penduduk disebabkan karena angka kelahiran yang masih tinggi. Upaya pemerintah untuk menurunkan angka kelahiran yang masih tinggi tersebut melalui Program Keluarga Berencana Nasional. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi meningkatnya angka kelahiran yaitu masih kurangnya penggunaan metode kontrasepsi. Di Kecamatan Tembalang mempunyai 12 Kelurahan dengan jumlah 29.756 Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS), dan jumlah Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) bukan peserta Keluarga Berencana (KB) sebanyak 7.905 jiwa. Kelurahan yang paling banyak tidak menggunakan Keluarga Berencana (KB) yaitu terletak di Kelurahan Meteseh sebesar 1669 PUS dari jumlah Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) yang ada 4299 jiwa (38,8%). Dari 4299 jiwa yang mengunakan Intra Uterine Device (IUD) sebesar 272 jiwa, Metode Operatif Pria (MOP) 14 jiwa, Metode Operatif Wanita (MOW) 230 jiwa, Implant 167 jiwa, Suntikan 1312 jiwa, Pil 439 jiwa, dan Kondom 196 jiwa.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan pasangan usia subur dengan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi senggama terputus.Metode: Penelitian diskiptif dengan rancangan Penelitian cross sectional. Dengan menggunakan total sampel yaitu 39 pasangan usia subur di kelurahan Meteseh.Hasil: Mayorita responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang 53,8% (21 PUS) dan yang berpengetahuan baik 46,2% (18 PUS) seangkan penggunaan alat kontasapesi pada PUS didapatkan bahwa mayoritas responden tidak teratur dalam penggunaan senggama terputus 53,8% dan frekuensi yang teratur dalam emnggunakan senggama terputus 46,2%. Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan penggunaan metode kontrasepsi senggama terputusSaran bagi masyarakat khususnya pasangan usia subur hendaknya meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kontrasepsi senggama terputus dengan mencari informasi melalui tenaga kesehatan atau melalui media Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Pasangan Usia Subur, Kontrasepsi