Business Combination Under Common Control (BCUCC) - What Kind of Disclosure is Enough? The Polish Experience

New and innovative methods for electronic funds transfer are emerging globally. These new payment tools include extensions of the established payment systems as well as new payment methods that are substantially different from traditional transactions. They have made the retail payments faster, cheaper, easier and more convenient for customers. Simultaneously, these payment innovations influence retail payment market around the world. During the last few decades it has changed remarkably and has become a very competitive one. Financial institutions are increasingly in competition with technology companies and other organizations to be the preferred providers of consumer payment services. There are huge differences between retail payment markets in developing countries and those in the mature markets. Payment habits are mostly influenced by local cultural drivers, so global trends are few and far between. Nevertheless, as consumer expectations and habits are becoming more homogenized and financial institutions start to be interested in new markets, the opportunities to learn from the experiences of other economies appear. The paper discusses theoretical and empirical foundation of retail payment innovations diffusion, presents the retail payment taxonomy and the results of a survey held in Poland in 2013. It is concluded that Polish experience can be assessed as a benchmark for searching determinants of retail payment markets development. However, copying success factors for sustainable market development is rather impossible with regard to payment culture, experiences and habits.

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STRUCTURAL AND LOGISTIC MODEL OF MATERIAL FLOWS ON DIGITALLIVESTOCK FARM

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING ◽

10.26897/2687-1149-2020-5-26-32 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

VLADIMIR V KIRSANOV VLADIMIR V ◽

Keyword(s):

Functional Model ◽

Base Stations ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Biological Objects ◽

Livestock Breeding ◽

Video Images ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Common Control ◽

Biotechnical System ◽

Multi Agent

The problems of the digitalization of livestock enterprises are closely related to the construction of models and algorithms describing the functioning of individual technological processes and subsystems united by a common control system. Based on the cluster approach, three groups of tasks for the intellectualization and digitalization of objects in livestock breeding are formulated: 1) recognition of images of biological objects and models of their group and individual behavior, 2) genomic assessment of farm animals, prediction of their genetic potential, with the possibility of better adaptation to technologies and specifi c economic conditions, 3) multi-agent management of automated and robotic technical means. The authors initialized the video images of biological objects, developed a structural and functional model of a complex biotechnical system “Man-Machine-Animal”, including automated workstations of key specialists, signal receiving-and-transmitting base stations, technological modules for animal service (feeding, watering, milking, microclimate, etc.), representing local biotechnical systems. The paper presents a structural-and-logistic “funnel” model of a livestock farm functioning. The model includes vectors of incoming material fl ows, outgoing production fl ows and outgoing byproducts (production waste) described using appropriate formalizations. The authors provide the structural typifi cation of technological modules and subsystems for their mathematical analysis and subsequent digital transformation of livestock farms.

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