DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS

В статье представлена разработка технического проекта по созданию прибора для неинвазивной оценки параметров центральной гемодинамики. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания являются основной причиной смерти во всем мире: ни по какой другой причине ежегодно не умирает столько людей, сколько от патологий сердца. По оценкам, за последние годы от сердечных заболеваний умерло 17,9 миллиона человек, что составило 31% всех случаев смерти в мире. Другой известной причиной смертей являются различные аритмии. Таким образом, из-за растущего количества людей, страдающих патологий сердца, необходимо во время лечения как можно подробнее изучать состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы во избежание негативных последствий. Чтобы обеспечить более высокую результативность лечения, используется метод электроимпедансной реокардиографии, который позволяет оценить суммарное кровенаполнение органов и тканей. Целью данной статьи являлась разработка технического проекта по созданию прибора для неинвазивной оценки параметров центральной гемодинамики. Представлен теоретический этап разработки технического устройства. Описаны существующие методы измерений - трансторакальные или прекордиальные для нахождения необходимых параметров сердечно-сосудистой системы с помощью реокардиографии. Предложены технические характеристики разрабатываемой биотехнической системы, а также схема и описание прибора The article presents the development of a technical project for the creation of a device for non-invasive assessment of the parameters of central hemodynamics. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide: for no other reason as many people die every year as from heart disease. An estimated 17.9 million people have died from heart disease in recent years, accounting for 31% of all deaths worldwide. Various arrhythmias are another known cause of death. Thus, due to the growing number of people suffering from heart pathologies, it is necessary during treatment to study the state of the cardiovascular system in as much detail as possible in order to avoid negative consequences. To ensure a higher efficiency of treatment, the method of electrical impedance rheocardiography is used, which allows to assess the total blood volume of organs and tissues. The purpose of this article was to develop a technical project to create a device for non-invasive assessment of the parameters of central hemodynamics. The theoretical stage of the development of a technical device is presented. The existing measurement methods are described - transthoracic or precordial to find the necessary parameters of the cardiovascular system using rheocardiography. The technical characteristics of the developed biotechnical system, as well as the scheme and description of the device are proposed

METHODS AND MEANS OF PROVIDING REHABILITATION PROCEDURES THROUGH A BIOTECHNICAL SYSTEM WITH BIOLOGICAL FEEDBACK AND A FUZZY CONTROL MODULE

В статье описана реабилитационная биотехническая система с виртуальной реальностью, позволяющая модулю нечеткого управления осуществлять биологическую обратную связь путем сопоставления стимулирующих сигналов виртуальной реальности, электроэнцефалографических сигналов и электромиосигналов. Предложена рекурсивная математическая модель планирования процедур реабилитации с использованием биологической обратной связи, основанная на понятии функций «обучения» и «забывания», позволяющая планировать сеансы тренинга и прогнозировать их результаты. Разработано аппаратное, алгоритмическое и программное обеспечение биотехничекой системы реабилитации постинсультных больных с модулем нечеткого управления экзоскелетом, позволяющее адаптировать программу реабилитации постинсультных больных с функциональным состоянием конкретного пациента. Сформирована экспериментальная группа для оценки эффективности БТС-тренинга постинсультных больных с паретичными нижними конечностями. Контрольная группа формировалась виртуально на основе статистического анализа ретроспективных стратифицированных результатов реабилитации постинсультных больных посредством биотехнической системы с робототехническим устройством без использования модуля нечеткого управления. Исследование показало, что можно изменить показатели клинического исхода у пациентов с подострым и хроническим течением инсульта после 12 сеансов БТС-тренинга. Биотехничесая система с нечетким управлением робототехническим устройством позволяет осуществлять индивидуальную стратегию реабилитации постинсультных больных (включая целенаправленную тренировку ходьбы) The article describes a biotechnical rehabilitation system with virtual reality, which allows the fuzzy control module to carry out biological feedback by comparing stimulating signals of virtual reality, electroencephalographic signals and electromyosignals. A recursive mathematical model for planning rehabilitation procedures using biofeedback is proposed, based on the concept of “learning” and “forgetting” functions, which allows planning training sessions and predicting their results. The hardware, algorithmic and software support of the biotechnical rehabilitation system for post-stroke patients with a fuzzy exoskeleton control module has been developed, which allows to adapt the rehabilitation program for post-stroke patients with the functional state of a particular patient. An experimental group was formed to assess the effectiveness of BPS training in post-stroke patients with paretic lower extremities. The control group was formed virtually on the basis of statistical analysis of retrospective stratified results of rehabilitation of post-stroke patients using a biotechnical system with a robotic device without using a fuzzy control module. The study showed that it is possible to change the indicators of clinical outcome in patients with subacute and chronic stroke after 12 sessions of BPS training. A biotechnical system with fuzzy control of a robotic device allows an individual strategy for the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients (including targeted walking training)

On the question of knowledge formalization in the management of the production of enthomophages

The article is devoted to the issue of formalization of knowledge in the management of entomophages production. The analysis of scientific works concerning the chosen direction of researches is carried out in the work, their urgency is substantiated. Factors influencing the efficiency of entomophages production management as a complex biotechnical system of ergatic type are identified. The aim of the research was to formalize knowledge in the management of entomophages production to increase the efficiency of its operation. The object of research is the processes of entomophages production management. Research methods - system modeling, precedent-based management, data mining. A model for presenting knowledge for entomophages production management based on precedents in the form of an associative map using the FreeMind software environment has been developed. A method for management the production of entomophages based on the application of a precedent approach and data mining has been developed. A precedent knowledge base has been developed using the Microsoft Access software environment for systematization of information on human operator actions in entomophages production management processes. The functioning of the knowledge base is based on production rules. The expediency of formalization of knowledge in the management of entomophages production is scientifically substantiated, which creates the conditions for increasing the efficiency of production and the quality of entomological products. This is achieved by reducing the time for the formation of strategies for its management through the use of previous experience and structuring information on the actions of the operator-technologist in management processes in the form of a precedent knowledge base. Key words: management, entomophages production, precedent, knowledge base, data mining

Lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system with baroreflex

The patient’s activity directly affects the state of the cardiovascular system (CVS). One of the mechanisms contribute to the regulation of the arterial blood pressure is the baroreflex. It is maintains an optimal level of the arterial pressure as a response to changes in the patient’s activity. The model developed in this work simulates CVS at the different patient’s activity levels. The model of baroreflex reproduces changes that occur during an increasing level of patient’s activity. The correlation between heart rate (79 bpm –rest, 123 bpm – exercise) and cardiac output (5.1 l/min –rest, 8.2 l/min – exercise) was achieved. The developed model can be used for personal modelling of various states of the CVS. The model parameters possible to apply for individual patient characteristics. For further development, the model can be integrated with the ventricular assist device during the heart failure state in order to study interactions in the biotechnical system.

Installation with a Temperature-Controlled Panel for Piglets

Agricultural enterprises include engineering systems to ensure the vital activity of animals. The effectiveness of such systems is determined by the possibility of creating the required conditions in places where animals are kept in interaction with external temperature parameters of the habitat. (Research purpose) The research purpose is considering the physical and thermodynamic models of the thermal regime of the heated site and developing a structural scheme, a method for calculating the installation of heating sites for piglets using thermo-electricity. (Materials and methods) The article describes models of the combined thermal regime in a biotechnical system. The layout and structure of the technical system of thermal stabilization with the use of thermoelectric modules were considered. The article presents the relations between the technical elements included in the biotechnical system and the boundary conditions for the existence of such a system. (Results and discussion) The contact heating method is characterized by high technological efficiency. When young animals are located on a surface heated to the required temperature, the outflow of heat from the animal's body to the floor decreases, hypothermia of vital organs is prevented. The normal vital activity of the animal is possible within a limited range of the surface temperature of the sites in the places where they are located, the temperature factor acts as the determining factor. Depending on the environmental conditions and the duration of the growing cycle, it is necessary to generate a certain level of thermal energy in the thermodynamic system "animal-environment". The article justifies the use of certain installations and the creation of a technical system that ensures the maintenance of comfortable conditions for the maintenance of young animals. (Conclusions) The method of regulating the thermal regime with the construction of an effective thermal stabilization system can be based on the use of thermoelectric modules. The article presents the operating modes and load characteristics of a specific thermodynamic module in the space of variable parameters that display the areas of change of individual factors included in the mathematical model. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that the module is capable of working in this application.

Development of modern urban culture within the discourse of socio-ecological metabolism conception

The purpose of the paper is to identify heuristic potential of socio-ecological metabolism (SEM) conception for the studying of trends in the development of modern urban culture. Modern city is considered in terms of the conception as an open socio-biotechnical system, whose changes are of a metabolic nature, so that they are carried out in four consecutive stages: accumulation of “substances”, their transformation during the decomposition of “substances” into simple ones and simultaneous formation and consumption of complex “substances”; release of waste into environment; their subsequent transformation. Empiric basis of the work consists of the results of sociological study “Socio-cultural consequences of the formation of urbanized sociobiotechnical systems”, conducted in the cities of the Belgorod region in January 2020. The study included a questionnaire survey of the urban population using the quota sampling method (n = 500) and an expert survey (n = 30). The authors determined the range of issues urban culture development, which can be solved by applying the concept of SEM. These include: analysis of material and energy exchange in terms of city culture and environment; assessment of the impact factors of technologization and ecologization on urban culture development; study of urban cultural garbage phenomenon, which at the moment are unclaimed or potentially and de facto destructive waste products of the urban community, emerged in the socio-cultural sphere.

Analysis of environmental problems of crop production and ways to solve them

The article deals with engineering and technological problems of improving the environmental safety of crop production as a complex biotechnical system, for the environment, consumers of crop production and machine operators who ensure production in the field. It is noted that the impact of agriculture on the environment and humans is not only promoting global warming, participation in environmental pollution by pesticides and undigested remnants of mineral and organic fertilizers, the pollution of the production of field crops with residual amounts of pesticides and food is not absorbed nitrogen, toxic threat environment in the area of the machine, but unsustainable use of non-renewable resources, the availability of which depend on agricultural technologies. The main directions of minimizing environmental pollution and reducing dependence on non-renewable resources as a result of agricultural activities are shown.