scholarly journals The Effects of Prostaglandin Analogs on Intraocular Pressure in Human Eye for Open Angle Glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Shabab Akbar ◽  
Sapna Ratan Shah
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Permeable Channel ◽  
Aqueous Outflow

The effects of Prostaglandin Analogs on intraocular pressure and increased aqueous outflow via trabecular meshwork into the schlemm’s canal has been studied in this present research paper. Aqueous humor is an outflow, which flows at the back of the iris in the posterior chamber all the way through the pupil aperture, out into the anterior chamber, and drain from the eye via drainage slope. The eye keeps on making aqueous humor in the ciliary body and it passes through the trabecular meshwork into the scheme of the canal, the key drainage from the eye and it finally goes to the “collector channels” and due to the less amount of aqueous humor fluid flow from the drainage angle, the pressure in the eye starts to increase. For this study, the canal of Schlemm is assumed as a permeable channel. And it is connected by trabecular meshwork. The inner layer of the canal's wall has been assumed as permeable. And the aqueous humor drains into the canal through this porous tissue wall. The objective of this paper is to discuss the effect of prostaglandin analogs on intraocular pressure as the Prostaglandin Analogs work by increasing the outflow of aqueous from the eye.

Anterior Chamber Angle and Iris-Lens Contact Alteration During Pupillary Dilation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jouzdani ◽  
Rouzbeh Amini ◽  
Victor H. Barocas
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Pupillary Dilation ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
Aqueous Outflow ◽  
Chamber Angle

The aqueous humor (AH) provides oxygen and nutrients for the avascular ocular tissue specifically, the cornea and lens. AH is secreted by the ciliary body into the posterior chamber, passes through pupil, and drains into the anterior chamber (Fig. 1a). Resistance to the aqueous outflow generates the intraocular pressure (IOP), which is 15–20 mmHg in the normal eyes.

Three-dimensional confocal laser microscopy of fibronectin in normal and glaucomatous eyes

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
Annelies W. de Kater ◽  
R. Rand Allingham ◽  
Doug S. Bowman ◽  
Fredric S. Fay
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Schlemm’S Canal ◽  
Endothelial Lining ◽  
Schlemm's Canal ◽  
Specific Distribution

Aqueous humor exits the anterior chamber of the eye through the trabecular meshwork into Schlemm's canal, a vessel which drains into the systemic circulatory system. The aqueous humor crosses the endothelial lining of Schlemm's canal by means of focal invaginations which form pores and allow digress of fluid into the canal. The trabecular meshwork provides a resistance to fluid flow resulting in a physiologic intraocular pressure in normal eyes. The region adjacent to Schlemm's canal appears to be the site of highest resistance to fluid flow in both normal and glaucomatous eyes. In eyes with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) the resistance to fluid flow through the trabecular meshwork is abnormally high, causing an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which can lead to irreversible damage of the optic nerve and blindness. A definitive morphologic correlate of this disease has not been discovered. Immunohistochemical studies localizing fibronectin in unfixed frozen sections of human eyes have shown elevated levels of fibronectin in the eyes with glaucoma, however the specific distribution of this protein has not been determined due to poor tissue preservation.

scholarly journals Morphological changes in the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal after treatment with topical intraocular pressure-lowering agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Park ◽  
Hyun Woo Chung ◽  
Eun Gyu Yoon ◽  
Min Jung Ji ◽  
Chungkwon Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Schlemm’S Canal ◽  
Schlemm's Canal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Aqueous Outflow

AbstractGlaucoma treatment is usually initiated with topical medication that lowers the intraocular pressure (IOP) by reducing the aqueous production, enhancing the aqueous outflow, or both. However, the effect of topical IOP-lowering medications on the microstructures of the aqueous outflow pathway are relatively unknown. In this retrospective, observational study, 56 treatment-naïve patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were enrolled. Images of the nasal and temporal corneoscleral limbus were obtained using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The conjunctival vessels and iris anatomy were used as landmarks to select the same limbal area scan, and the trabecular meshwork (TM) width, TM thickness, and Schlemm’s canal (SC) area were measured before and after using the IOP-lowering agents for 3 months. Among the 56 patients enrolled, 33 patients used prostaglandin (PG) analogues, and 23 patients used dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC). After 3 months of DTFC usage, the TM width, TM thickness, and SC area did not show significant changes in either the nasal or temporal sectors. Conversely, after prostaglandin analog usage, the TM thickness significantly increased, and the SC area significantly decreased (all P < 0.01). These findings warrant a deeper investigation into their relationship to aqueous outflow through the conventional and unconventional outflow pathways after treatment with PG analogues.

scholarly journals Progressive spectacle correction in patients with ametropia and primary open-angle glaucoma

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (2019-1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Irina Gndoyan ◽  
Natalya Kuznetsova ◽  
Alexander Derevyanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow ◽  
Vision Correction ◽  
Spectacle Correction

Purpose: To determine the role that progressive spectacle lenses play in intraocular pressure compensation and stabilization of the glaucomatous process in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) combined with presbyopia and refractive errors. Material and methods. 29 patients (53 eyes) aged 43 to 67 years with I-II stage POAG and a certain type of refractive error were enrolled into study. All patients had intraocular pressure (IOP) compensated to the target level on medication. Patients of the main group (17 people, 32 eyes) used universal progressive spectacle lenses with optimized surface. The patients of the control group (12 people, 21 eyes) used separate monofocal glasses for near and distance vision as a method of ametropia correction. Visual acuity test, refractometry, pneumotonometry, tonography, automated static perimetry were applied for monitoring the patients. The measurements were taken before spectacle correction and a year after its prescription. Results. A decrease of IOP (p=0.01) and an increase of the aqueous humor outflow coefficient (p<0.01) were determined after one year use of the recommended type of vision correction in the main group, whereas in the control group there was an increased level of IOP (p<0.05) and a reduced aqueous humor outflow coefficient (p<0.2). Conclusion. The use of progressive spectacle lenses as a method of permanent vision correction reliably reduces IOP and improves the aqueous humor outflow in patients with early-stage POAG. The absence of negative visual field dynamics indicates the stabilization of the glaucomatous process.

scholarly journals Role of MCP-1 and IL-8 in viral anterior uveitis, and contractility and fibrogenic activity of trabecular meshwork cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
Jin A. Choi ◽  
Hyun-hee Ju ◽  
Ju-Eun Kim ◽  
Soon-Young Paik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork Cells ◽  
Aqueous Outflow

AbstractThe inflammatory chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-8, are produced by normal trabecular meshwork cells (TM) and elevated in the aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and hypertensive anterior uveitis associated with viral infection. However, their role in TM cells and aqueous humor outflow remains unclear. Here, we explored the possible involvement of MCP-1 and IL-8 in the physiology of TM cells in the context of aqueous outflow, and the viral anterior uveitis. We found that the stimulation of human TM cells with MCP-1 and IL-8 induced significant increase in the formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and the contraction of TM cells. MCP-1 and IL-8 also demonstrated elevation of extracellular matrix proteins, and the migration of TM cells. When TM cells were infected with HSV-1 and CMV virus, there was a significant increase in cytoskeletal contraction and Rho-GTPase activation. Viral infection of TM cells revealed significantly increased expression of MCP-1 and IL-8. Taken together, these results indicate that MCP-1 and IL-8 induce TM cell contractibility, fibrogenic activity, and plasticity, which are presumed to increase resistance to aqueous outflow in viral anterior uveitis and POAG.

scholarly journals Comparative treatment results of non-penetrating surgeries for treating primary open-angle glaucoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-999
Author(s):  
S N Bulgar ◽  
R F Akhmetshin ◽  
D E Malinin
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Deep Sclerectomy ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Flow Reduction ◽  
Aqueous Humor Flow ◽  
Hypotensive Drugs

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of combined non-penetrating surgery: non-penetrating deep sclerectomy and ab externo trabeculectomy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma depending on type of aqueous humor retention. Methods. Results of surgeries on 72 patients (83 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Standard ophthalmic examination was added by fluorescein lymphography of the anterior eye to determine the surgery type as well as for hypotensive effect long-term prognosis. Non-penetrating deep sclerectomy and ab externo trabeculectomy were conducted in the first group (67 eyes). In the control group (16 eyes) standard non-penetrating deep sclerectomy was performed. A cytostatic was used as a subconjunctival injections in the post-surgical period. Results. Intraocular pressure was fully compensated in 52 eyes out of 67 (77.6%) in the long-term period after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy and ab externo trabeculectomy in the first group. In 15 eyes (22.4%) topical hypotensive drugs were required for complete compensation of intraocular pressure. Complete compensation of intraocular pressure was registered in patients with moderate aqueous humor flow reduction (trabecular and mixed with prevalence of trabecular forms). Topical hypotensive drugs were required in severe aqueous humor flow reduction (mixed form with prevalence of intrascleral). In the second group, compensation of intraocular pressure was achieved only in early post-surgical period in 12 eyes (75%) with further decrease of hypotensive effect after 4-6 months. There was no complete compensation of intraocular pressure at late post-surgical period. To normalize the intraocular pressure, topical hypotensive drugs were required in 15 eyes (93.8%), surgery was repeated in 1 (6.2%) case. Conclusion. Combined surgery (non-penetrating deep sclerectomy and ab externo trabeculectomy) is more effective compared to non-penetrating deep sclerectomy and is indicated in patients with open-angle glaucoma and moderate aqueous humor flow reduction.

Anticholinestisrase enedrops in chronic simple glaucoma

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Ciliary Muscle ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Medical Control ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
Aqueous Outflow

The medical control of chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma is becoming more popular, and newer and more potent drugs have been produced to reduce the intra-ocular pressure. The anticholinesterases are one such group of drugs; they potentiate acetylcholine and increase aqueous outflow from the eye, perhaps by stimulating the ciliary muscle which pulls on the scleral spur, or by direct action on parasympathetic end-organs in the trabecular meshwork. The effect lasts many hours or even several days, thus achieving the uninterrupted control of intra-ocular pressure essential to prevent further loss of visual field.

scholarly journals Pharmacologic Trabeculectomy—Modulation of Aqueous Humor Outflow Through the Trabecular Meshwork

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Syed Shoeb Ahmad ◽  
Syed Zia-ur-Rahman ◽  
Norlina Ramli ◽  
Shuaibah Abdul Ghani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow ◽  
Aqueous Humor Dynamics ◽  
Aqueous Outflow

“Pharmacologic trabeculectomy” is a term used to describe the modulation of aqueous outflow by the biochemical manipulation of the trabecular meshwork. Most of the medications currently in use either reduce aqueous production or increase its outflow through the ciliary body. However, there is a new group of agents being investigated, which can increase the facility of aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Thus, these agents will be able to provide a more physiologic means to control aqueous humor dynamics. This review sheds light on this concept of “medical trabeculectomy.”

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