scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL CHANGE AND GENDER IDENTITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Skyba
2018 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
O.A. Pushonkova

Revealing of the logic of representations in culture is the basis of the modern visual literacy formation. Doubts about the potential of visual information as a reliable source of authenticity, require inclusion of other modes of reality perception, contextual expansion of the very concept of visuality, and interaction with different discourses. The questions of how the evaluation guides of the modern era change the visual language, how its contexts and texts are formed, and, in particular, how it affects the formation of modern gender identity, are acquiring actuality. The gender issue, being a field of interdisciplinary research, most clearly presents changes in the methods of visualization and modeling of reality, therefore, serves as a representative base of the material. Visual gender images show changes in the deep layers of culture, and gender studies are transformed along with changes in cultural field and capture the very nature of cultural change. The visual representation of femininity and masculinity represented in culture is based on the metaphor of sex, appealing to archetypes, the oldest ideas of men and women. Visual representations of gender in culture show a wide range of identification practices, from artificial and distorted corporeality to the return of the "natural body". In the context of modern studies of gender visual representations, we have to identify their connection with the dynamic changes in the structure of identity (fragmentation, mimicry, drifting) and with changes in the cultural codes of corporeality. It is proved that in the conditions of destruction of representative systems it makes sense to speak not only about the specifics of femininity and masculinity, which by losing self-sufficiency are curtailed in selfie-projects, but also about the general repressed subject of culture which lies in the "scissors" of new formats of discipline power: coercion and temptation. The screen demonstrates perfect “human-thing” with a blurred gender identity (new androgen), which keeps the attention, fixes it on itself as a narcissistic selfie-project that absorbs the views of others around through different techniques. It was found that the formation of gender identity changed the nature of sample imitation (as it was before) and acquired the character of simulation, where evaluative independent attitude towards the world or a narcissistic choice in the context of a hedonistic-oriented culture is possible. This arch for samples remains at the deep level of collective symbols and archetypes, which should become the subject of further developments.


2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001-4014
Author(s):  
Melanie Weirich ◽  
Adrian Simpson

Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.


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