scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INDIGENOUS AND FOREIGN POLLINIZERS ON THE YIELD AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF DATE PALM CULTIVAR KHALAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Palm Trees

This research was carried out at Research and Training Station, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia during 2017 and 2018 to investigate the effects of indigenous and foreign pollinizers on the yield and physicochemical fruit characteristics of date palm cv. Khalas. Pollen grains of different date palm male pollinizers were collected from different geological locations of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Fifteen twelve-year-old date palm trees were selected for the experiment, for which five spathes for each palm were selected per replication. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates for each treatment. The findings of the present study showed significant differences among pollinizer sources. Female date palms pollinated with indigenous male pollen grains (Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia) exhibited superior results regarding fruit set percentage, parthenocarpic fruit percentage, tamar fruit percentage, fruit drop percentage, total number of fruit nodes per bunch, bunch weight, pulp weight, pulp ratio, seed ratio and pulp:seed ratio, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit volume, seed weight, seed length, seed width, fruit moisture content and total soluble solids. It is can be concluded that although the response to pollination and fertilization of date palm is species dependent, however, the indigenous cultivar Khalas was more responsive to the local male types than the foreign males for better fruit set, higher yield and best fruit quality traits.

scholarly journals 494 Study on the Effects of Different Pollen Grains of Citrus Cultivars on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of `Page' Mandarin in Northern Iran

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 530C-530
Author(s):  
A. Talaie ◽  
B. Goleyn ◽  
A. Vezvaei ◽  
Y. Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

`Page' mandarin is a complex hybrid between `Minneola' tangelo and `Clementine' mandarin. Because of self-incompatibility, this cultivar severely needs pollinizers and, if a suitable pollinizer does not exist, it will produce few and small fruit. In this study, the effects of pollen grains of nine cultivars of citrus ['Sour' orange, `Duncan' grapefruit, `Sweet' lemon, `Salustiana' orange, `Local' mandarin, `Hamlin' orange, `Siavaraz III Locan' orange, `Marrs' orange, and `Shell' mahaleh (natural hybrid)] on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fruit (weight, diameter, length, volume, peel thickness, juice content, developed seeds, undeveloped seeds, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, vitamin C, and percentage of final fruit set) were investigated and evaluated. After artificial pollination and during fruit growth and development, seven times abscission and fruit color and diameter were recorded. Fruit were harvested 29 weeks after pollination and were analyzed. The results showed that this cultivar, in addition to the complete self-incompatibility, has the ability of week parthenocarpy, which results in small and low-quality fruit and also parthenocarpy is induced. `Page' mandarin is cross-compatible with some cultivars, such as `Marrs' orange. There is a positive and significant correlation between developed seed number and fruit weight. The pollen of `Siavaraz III Local' orange has the most effects on percentage of final fruit set. The pollen of `Shell' mahaleh (natural hybrid) has the most effect of the quantitative characteristics, and the pollen of `Marrs' orange has the most effects on qualitative characteristics. It was concluded that `Hamlin' orange is the best pollinizer for `Page' mandarin in northern Iran. The results of this study were analyzed with the use of a randomized complete-block design.

scholarly journals 479 Fruit Characteristics and Productivity of Date Palm Trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as Affected by Some Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 476E-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hameed J. Aljuburi ◽  
Hasan. Al-Masry ◽  
Saeed A. Al-Muhanna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Palm Trees

Date palm trees are among the most plentiful fruit trees in the Arabian Gulf States. Bioregulators have been used for the improvement of quality and productivity of date plam tree fruits. Application of gibberellic acid (GA3), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and ethephon, separately or in a mixture, has significant effects on fruit set, fruit dry matter percentage, fruit soluble percentage, fruit ripening, and yield of date palm trees. A study was conducted to assess relative effectiveness of GA3, NAA, ethephon, and a mixture of growth regulators on some fruit characteristics, and productivity of `Barhee' date plam trees. Five uniform female `Barhee' date palm trees were pollinated on 5–15 Mar. 1994, 1995, and 1996 by placing eight fresh male strands on female spadix centers (flower cluster). Ten flower clusters were used on each tree, and every two flower clusters were subjected to one of the following treatments: control (water), 150 mg·L–1 GA3, 100 mg·L–1 NAA, 1000 mg·L–1 ethephon, and a mixture of growth regulators. The fruit set (%), dry matter (%), total soluble solids (°Brix), fruit ripening (%), and fruit weight (kg per bunch and per tree) were measured. The data showed that the application of GA3 or ethephon on flower clusters of `Barhee' date palm trees had no constant effect on fruit characteristics and productivity of trees. NAA or a mixture of growth regulators reduced fruit dry matter percentage, fruit ripening percentage, and increased fruit weight per bunch and per tree. Spraying `Barhee' date palm flower clusters with NAA or a mixture of growth regulators 20 days after pollination decreased dry matter percentage, fruit ripening, and increased fruit flesh percentage and tree yield.

The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Amir Rahnama ◽  
Esmaeil Rahkhodaei
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Female Flowers

Date palm is unisexual, being either male or female. Male and female flowers grow on buds called Spathe, which opens naturally when fully mature. It is easy to identify the male and female flowers. Under the method of manual pollination, pollen from a male flower is smeared over female flowers. The pollen variety and pollination time have important effects on date palm fruit set, yield and quality. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set, growth and development of Medjhol date palm variety, in date palm garden of date palm and tropical fruit research institute of Iran during three years from 2009 to 2011. The trail was randomized complete block design in factorial manner with three pollen variety as Ghaname, Vardy, and Samesmave, two pollination time as 1-3 days before or after spathe opening and four replication. The results showed that the Vardy pollen had significant effects and increased the fertility percent and fruit yield, rather than two other pollen varieties. The pollen variety had no significant effects on fruit quality as total sugar, acidity, and bricx. The pollination time before spathe opening significantly increased fertility percent, decreased fruit weight and date palm yield. Finally the pollen variety and pollination time interaction effects showed that, application of Vardy pollen from 1-3 days after spathe opening with the most production date palm yield, equal 19.9 kilogram per any date palm trees, so this treatment is the best and are recommended.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Melatonin and Methyl Jasmonate as a Pre-Harvest Treatment Enhances Growth of Barhi Date Palm Trees, Prolongs Storability, and Maintains Quality of Their Fruits under Storage Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Waleed M. E. Fekry ◽  
Younes M. Rashad ◽  
Ibrahim A. Alaraidh ◽  
Taha Mehany
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Dual Treatment

Fresh date palm fruits (cv. Barhi) have received much attention due to their sweet taste and popularity in marketing. There is a critical need to prolong their storability, as well as maintain their quality during the postharvest and marketing periods. In this study, the effects of spraying date palm trees with melatonin (Mt) and/or methyl jasmonate (Mj) at 10, 20, and 50 ppm, on their growth and yield were investigated. In addition, impacts on quality and storability of the fruits were also studied. In general, application of Mt was mostly more effective than that of Mj, even at 50 ppm, with regard to all evaluated parameters. However, the dual treatment at 50 ppm recorded the highest relative chlorophyll and nutrient content in date palm leaves, as well as the yield and its components. Regarding the date palm fruits stored at 4 °C for 28 days, this dual treatment recorded the lowest weight loss and fruit decay values (0.14 and 2%, respectively), the highest firmness (6 g·cm−2), total soluble solids content (36 °Brix), total sugar content (32.5 g/100 g fresh weight), and the lowest total acidity (0.16 g citric acid/100 mL juice). Moreover, the highest total phenolic content and activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes in the stored fruits were also recorded for the dual treatment. In contrast to the untreated fruits, scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the sprayed fruits had a very good microstructure, showing intact and thick exocarp tissue with a dense layer of epicuticular wax. The mesocarp tissue showed a normal and clear cellular framework with well organized and arranged cells, after 28 days storage at 4 °C. Based on these results, we can conclude that application of the dual treatment (Mt + Mj) at 50 ppm is a promising way to prolong the storability of date palm fruits and maintain their quality during storage periods.

scholarly journals Influence of Irradiance and Period of Exposure on Fruit Set of French-American Hybrid Grapes

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
S.J. McArtney ◽  
D.M. Scurlock
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hue Angle

Vines of container grown `DeChaunac', `Vidal blanc', `Seyval blanc' and `Chambourcin' grapes were subjected to 5 days of 80% shade at prebloom, bloom or 2 and 4 weeks after bloom. Fruit set, cluster weight, berries per cluster and juice components [soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH and titratable acidity] of `DeChaunac' and `Vidal blanc' were not affected by a short period of intensive shade. `Chambourcin' was sensitive to a shade period near the time of bloom for most of the aforementioned factors, while `Seyval blanc' was intermediate in sensitivity. Shot (green, hard, and undersized) berries of `Chambourcin' and `Seyval blanc' were increased by a 5-day period of shade 2 or 4 weeks after bloom. In a second study, container-grown `Chambourcin' on 3309C (V. riparia × V. rupestris) with one or two clusters and `Vidal blanc' with one cluster were subjected to the following light regimes beginning at bloom for 5 weeks: supplemental light, ambient greenhouse light and 30%, 50% or 80% shade. Yield, fruit set, specific leaf weight (leaf dry weight/leaf area), saturation index, and total leaf chlorophyll increased linearly with increasing irradiance. `Chambourcin' juice pH, SSC, leaf chlorophyll a/b ratio, cluster color development and hue angle decreased as irradiance increased, likely related to crop reduction. Responses in `Vidal blanc' followed similar trends, but differences were not as great. Results demonstrate that light is an important determining factor in fruit set of French-American hybrid grapes and fruit set of some cultivars are sensitive to short periods of intense shade.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF BAGGING ON FRUIT SET AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF DATE PALM KHASTAWI CV. (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA).

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1170c-1170
Author(s):  
Essam A. Mawlood ◽  
H.H Hamood ◽  
E.S. Salah
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Results

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of bagging on fruit set, fruit characteristics and yield of Khastawi Date Palm CV. Two different types of bags were used: cloth and paper. The spadices were covered immediately at two different times during the first season; one month and the second continued until harvest time. Since positive results were obtained during the season, two extra bagging treatments were added in the second season (2 and 3 months). Unbagged spadices were used as control for both seasons. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the two types of bags. Moreover, bagging for either two or three months produced positive results in fruit set improvement and yield.

scholarly journals Synthetic Cytokinin-1-(2=chloro=4=pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU)-Promotes Fruit Set and Induces Parthenocarpy in Watermelon

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Hayata ◽  
Yoshiyuki Niimi ◽  
Naoto Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Seedless Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Applying a 200 ppm solution of CPPU to pollinated ovaries of watermelon (Citrullus lunatus Matsum) at anthesis increased fruit set from 26.9% (control) to 95%. Applying CPPU solutions to nonpollinated ovaries at anthesis induced parthenocarpy, yielding 65% and 89.5% fruit set, respectively with 20 and 200 ppm applications. However, 64% of the 20 ppm CPPU-treated parthenocarpic fruit stopped growth 10 days after treatment. Growth of CPPU-treated, pollinated, and nonpollinated fruit increased significantly compared with growth of control fruit during the first 10 days after treatment, but, except for the 20 ppm CPPU parthenocarpic fruit, growth subsequently slowed, resulting in fruit equal in size to the control by harvest. CPPU application did not affect soluble solids content of pollinated fruit, but reduced content of parthenocarpic fruit treated with 20 ppm. Fructose content was generally higher than glucose and sucrose at harvest. However, in pollinated fruit treated with 20 ppm CPPU, sucrose levels were higher than glucose and fructose. These results suggest that CPPU is practical for promoting fruit set and seedless fruit without adversely affecting fruit quality and development.

scholarly journals Determination of Five Mineral Element Contents in Pollen Grains of Different Seedling Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Male Trees Grown in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
M.A. Seif El-Yazal ◽  
Samir A. Seif El-Yazal
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Regular Component ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Study Results

This experiment was conducted to found the connection between sensible male pollinators and the content from mineral element (Zinc, Irion, Manganese, Cupper and Magnesium) in pollen grain of fifty seedling date palm male and compared it with the best selective five seedling date palm males (number 2, 10, 29, 40, 46) are appropriate and promising males for to be utilized in pollinating female date palms and mistreatment in breeding programs in previous study. Results found variations among the categories of pollen and elements. The highest concentration of zinc was found in males' number (2, 10, 40 and 46) which recorded 127,102, 115 and 122 μg/g dry weight respectively as compared to the other male trees. Also the highest concentration of iron was found in male number (40) which recorded 222 μg/g dry weight as compared to the other male trees. Moreover, notes from result excellence male number (10) in manganese concentration which recorded 202 μg/g dry weight as compared to the other male trees. In this concern, pollen grain of date palm male trees contained also, high concentrations of copper and magnesium the concentration ranging from 10 to 30 and 1320 to 1985 μg/g dry weight for copper and magnesium respectively. The best result for copper and magnesium which obtained from the selective male number (46) which recorded 30 and 1985 μg/g dry weight for copper and magnesium respectively as compared to the other male trees. From all the results we can conclude that the date palm pollen grain was as rich source of important minerals, so its suitability as a regular component in plant and human diet.

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