Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs
<div>Low-power wide area (LPWA) technologies are strongly recommended as the underlying</div><div>networks for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. They offer attractive features, including wide-range</div><div>coverage, long battery life, and low data rates. This paper reviews the current trends in this technology,</div><div>with an emphasis on the services it provides and the challenges it faces. The industrial paradigms for LPWA</div><div>implementation are presented. Compared with other work in the field, this paper focuses on the need for</div><div>integration among different LPWA technologies and recommends the appropriate LPWA solutions for a</div><div>wide range of IoT application and service use cases. Opportunities created by these technologies in the</div><div>market are also analyzed. The latest research efforts to investigate and improve the operation of LPWA</div><div>networks are also compared and classified to enable researchers to quickly get up to speed on the current</div><div>status of this technology. Finally, challenges facing LPWA are identified and directions for future research</div><div>are recommended.</div>