scholarly journals Adaptive Data Synchronization Algorithm for IoT-Oriented Low-Power Wide-Area Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Petroni ◽  
Francesca Cuomo ◽  
Leonisio Schepis ◽  
Mauro Biagi ◽  
Marco Listanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
File Synchronization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people’s lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significant enhancements concerning the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile communications. Having billions of devices simultaneously connected has opened new challenges about network management and data exchange rules that need to be tailored to the characteristics of the considered scenario. A large part of the IoT market is pointing to Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) representing the infrastructure for several applications having energy saving as a mandatory goal besides other aspects of QoS. In this context, we propose a low-power IoT-oriented file synchronization protocol that, by dynamically optimizing the amount of data to be transferred, limits the device level of interaction within the network, therefore extending the battery life. This protocol can be adopted with different Layer 2 technologies and provides energy savings at the IoT device level that can be exploited by different applications.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency in Short and Wide-Area IoT Technologies—A Survey

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Eljona Zanaj ◽  
Giuseppe Caso ◽  
Luca De Nardis ◽  
Alireza Mohammadpour ◽  
Özgü Alay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions.

scholarly journals Improving Quality-of-Service in LoRa Low-Power Wide-Area Networks through Optimized Radio Resource Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sallum ◽  
Nuno Pereira ◽  
Mario Alves ◽  
Max Mauro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
Equal Distribution

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) enable a growing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications with large geographical coverage, low bit-rate, and long lifetime requirements. LoRa (Long Range) is a well-known LPWAN technology that uses a proprietary Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) physical layer, while the upper layers are defined by an open standard - LoRaWAN. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of LoRa networks by fine-tuning specific radio parameters. Through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem formulation, we find optimal settings for the Spreading Factor (SF) and Carrier Frequency (CF) radio parameters, considering the network traffic specifications as a whole, to improve the Data Extraction Rate (DER) and to reduce the packet collision rate and the energy consumption in LoRa networks. The effectiveness of the optimization procedure is demonstrated by simulations, using LoRaSim for different network scales. In relation to the traditional LoRa radio parameter assignment policies, our solution leads to an average increase of 6% in DER, and a number of collisions 13 times smaller. In comparison to networks with dynamic radio parameter assignment policies, there is an increase of 5%, 2.8%, and 2% of DER, and a number of collisions 11, 7.8 and 2.5 times smaller than equal-distribution, Tiurlikova's (SoTa), and random distribution, respectively. Regarding the network energy consumption metric, the proposed optimization obtained an average consumption similar to Tiurlikova's, and 2.8 times lower than the equal-distribution and random dynamic allocation policies. Furthermore, we approach the practical aspects of how to implement and integrate the optimization mechanism proposed in LoRa, guaranteeing backward compatibility with the standard protocol.

scholarly journals Improving Quality-of-Service in LoRa Low-Power Wide-Area Networks through Optimized Radio Resource Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sallum ◽  
Nuno Pereira ◽  
Mário Alves ◽  
Max Santos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
Equal Distribution

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) enable a growing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications with large geographical coverage, low bit-rate and long lifetime requirements. LoRa (Long Range) is a well-known LPWAN technology which uses a proprietary Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) physical layer, while the upper layers are defined by an open standard - LoRaWAN. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of LoRa networks by fine-tuning specific radio parameters. Through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem formulation, we find optimal settings for the Spreading Factor (SF) and Carrier Frequency (CF) radio parameters, considering the network traffic specifications as a whole, to improve the Data Extraction Rate (DER) and to reduce the packet collision rate and the energy consumption in LoRa networks. The effectiveness of the optimization procedure is demonstrated by simulations, considering realistic scenarios. In relation to the traditional LoRa radio parameter assignment policies, our solution leads to an average increase of 30% in DER, and a number of collisions 17 times smaller. In comparison to networks with dynamic radio parameter assignment policies, there is an increase of 10.5% and 4% of DER, and a number of collisions 13.5 and 7.5 times smaller than equal-distribution and random distribution, respectively. Regarding the network energy consumption metric, the proposed optimization obtained an average consumption 3.6 and 2.74 times lower than the equal-distribution and random dynamic allocation policies, respectively. Furthermore, we approach the practical aspects on how to implement and integrate the optimization mechanism proposed in LoRa, guaranteeing backward compatibility with the standard protocol.

scholarly journals Improving Quality-Of-Service in LoRa Low-Power Wide-Area Networks through Optimized Radio Resource Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sallum ◽  
Nuno Pereira ◽  
Mário Alves ◽  
Max Santos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
Equal Distribution

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) enable a growing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications with large geographical coverage, low bit-rate, and long lifetime requirements. LoRa (Long Range) is a well-known LPWAN technology that uses a proprietary Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) physical layer, while the upper layers are defined by an open standard—LoRaWAN. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of LoRaWAN networks by fine-tuning specific radio parameters. Through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem formulation, we find optimal settings for the Spreading Factor (SF) and Carrier Frequency (CF) radio parameters, considering the network traffic specifications as a whole, to improve the Data Extraction Rate (DER) and to reduce the packet collision rate and the energy consumption in LoRa networks. The effectiveness of the optimization procedure is demonstrated by simulations, using LoRaSim for different network scales. In relation to the traditional LoRa radio parameter assignment policies, our solution leads to an average increase of 6% in DER, and a number of collisions 13 times smaller. In comparison to networks with dynamic radio parameter assignment policies, there is an increase of 5%, 2.8%, and 2% of DER, and a number of collisions 11, 7.8 and 2.5 times smaller than equal-distribution, Tiurlikova’s (SOTA), and random distribution, respectively. Regarding the network energy consumption metric, the proposed optimization obtained an average consumption similar to Tiurlikova’s, and 2.8 times lower than the equal-distribution and random dynamic allocation policies. Furthermore, we approach the practical aspects of how to implement and integrate the optimization mechanism proposed in LoRa, guaranteeing backward compatibility with the standard protocol.

scholarly journals Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
qahhar muhammad qadir ◽  
Tarik A. Rashid ◽  
Nawzad K. Al-Salihi ◽  
Brzo Ismael ◽  
Alexander A. Kist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Wide Range

<div>Low-power wide area (LPWA) technologies are strongly recommended as the underlying</div><div>networks for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. They offer attractive features, including wide-range</div><div>coverage, long battery life, and low data rates. This paper reviews the current trends in this technology,</div><div>with an emphasis on the services it provides and the challenges it faces. The industrial paradigms for LPWA</div><div>implementation are presented. Compared with other work in the field, this paper focuses on the need for</div><div>integration among different LPWA technologies and recommends the appropriate LPWA solutions for a</div><div>wide range of IoT application and service use cases. Opportunities created by these technologies in the</div><div>market are also analyzed. The latest research efforts to investigate and improve the operation of LPWA</div><div>networks are also compared and classified to enable researchers to quickly get up to speed on the current</div><div>status of this technology. Finally, challenges facing LPWA are identified and directions for future research</div><div>are recommended.</div>

scholarly journals Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
qahhar muhammad qadir ◽  
Tarik A. Rashid ◽  
Nawzad K. Al-Salihi ◽  
Brzo Ismael ◽  
Alexander A. Kist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Wide Range

<div>Low-power wide area (LPWA) technologies are strongly recommended as the underlying</div><div>networks for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. They offer attractive features, including wide-range</div><div>coverage, long battery life, and low data rates. This paper reviews the current trends in this technology,</div><div>with an emphasis on the services it provides and the challenges it faces. The industrial paradigms for LPWA</div><div>implementation are presented. Compared with other work in the field, this paper focuses on the need for</div><div>integration among different LPWA technologies and recommends the appropriate LPWA solutions for a</div><div>wide range of IoT application and service use cases. Opportunities created by these technologies in the</div><div>market are also analyzed. The latest research efforts to investigate and improve the operation of LPWA</div><div>networks are also compared and classified to enable researchers to quickly get up to speed on the current</div><div>status of this technology. Finally, challenges facing LPWA are identified and directions for future research</div><div>are recommended.</div>

scholarly journals IPv6 over LPWANs: Connecting Low Power Wide Area Networks to the Internet (of Things)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Gomez ◽  
Ana Minaburo ◽  
Laurent Toutain ◽  
Dominique Barthel ◽  
Juan Carlos Zuniga
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Internet Of Things

scholarly journals A Complete Key Management Scheme for LoRaWAN v1.1

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2962
Author(s):  
Xingda Chen ◽  
Margaret Lech ◽  
Liuping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Backward Compatibility ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Key Management Scheme

Security is one of the major concerns of the Internet of Things (IoT) wireless technologies. LoRaWAN is one of the emerging Low Power Wide Area Networks being developed for IoT applications. The latest LoRaWAN release v.1.1 has provided a security framework that includes data confidentiality protection, data integrity check, device authentication and key management. However, its key management part is only ambiguously defined. In this paper, a complete key management scheme is proposed for LoRaWAN. The scheme addresses key updating, key generation, key backup, and key backward compatibility. The proposed scheme was shown not only to enhance the current LoRaWAN standard, but also to meet the primary design consideration of LoRaWAN, i.e., low power consumption.

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