XXI secolo: l’universo fisico-cibernetico e le grandi sfide emergenti

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Mauro Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The One

In this chapter we outline the cyber-physical world we entered following the pervasive diffusion of information processing devices that are able to able to interact through exchanging information (cyber-physical systems). In this way ubiquitous computing and ubiquitous connectivity are changing how people think, act and produce. Indeed processes and products are becoming smart and connected on a potentially global level. The possibility of realizing a digital of everything representation from the subatomic level and nanoscale to the astronomical level implies that the physical world is surrounded and pervaded by a digital sphere that interacts with and influences it. Are we in a world like the one hypothesized by Borges' famous paradoxes of the 1: 1 map? The reality Is very different from the imagery Borges’s map: hyperstructures self-organize and emerge, global players act and influence the dynamics of complex adaptive systems.

scholarly journals Evolutionary, Cognitive, and Contextual Approaches to the Study of Religious Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lang ◽  
Radek Kundt
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Contextual Variability ◽  
Religious Systems ◽  
Nature Vs Nurture ◽  
The One ◽  
The Explanatory Gap

Abstract The explanatory gap between the life sciences and the humanities that is present in the study of human phenomena impedes productive interdisciplinary examination that such a complex subject requires. Manifested as epistemological tensions over reductionism vs. holism, nature vs. nurture, and the study of micro vs. macro context, the divergent research approaches in the humanities and the sciences produce separate bodies of knowledge that are difficult to reconcile. To remedy this incommensurability, the article proposes to employ the complex adaptive systems approach, which allows to study specific cultural systems in their ecologies and to account for the myriads of factors that constitute such systems, including nonlinear interactions between these factors and their evolution. On a specific example of religious systems, we show that by studying cultural systems in their contextual variability, mechanistic composition, and evolutionary history, the humanities and the sciences should be able to fruitfully collaborate while avoiding previous pitfalls of excessive reductionism, genetic determinism, and sweeping overgeneralizations, on the one hand, and pitfalls of excessive holism, cultural determinism, and aversion to any generalizations, on the other hand.

scholarly journals Estudos organizacionais e complexidade: Stacey e Morin

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Sérgio Luis Boeira ◽  
Ana Elise Cardoso Inácio ◽  
Jorge Altair Pinto Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Latin Culture ◽  
The One

This theoretical essay aims to identify some approaches to the complexity of comparing contributions of internationally renowned authors as a reference in organizational studies, such as Stacey and Morin. In the literature that deals with the theme of complexity, many similar concepts are observed; several contributions of authors, some trained in natural sciences, others in the human sciences and philosophy. It is a theme that is recognized both inter and transdisciplinary, and it has been gaining pulse since the 1980's. The conclusion is that Stacey and Morin have significantly contributed to the understanding of the organizational process and the differences between their approaches can be understood by comparing their life experiences and academic training. Furthermore, it is evident that overtime Stacey supports the critical and broad approach advocated by Morin complexity. On the one hand, while Stacey remains in the social sciences, Morin articulates social sciences as well as biophysics and philosophy. Regarding existing disputes in the field of complexity studies, this comparison indicates an improvement from the perspective of complexity intelligence (Latin culture) over the angle of complex adaptive systems (Anglo - Saxon culture).

scholarly journals Nanoscale Neuromorphic Networks and Criticality: A Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Dunham ◽  
Sam Lilak ◽  
Joel Hochstetter ◽  
Alon Loeffler ◽  
Ruomin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Critical Dynamics ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Attractor Dynamics ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Nanowire Networks

Abstract Numerous studies suggest critical dynamics may play a role in information processing and task performance in biological systems. However, studying critical dynamics in these systems can be challenging due to many confounding biological variables that limit access to the physical processes underpinning critical dynamics. Here we offer a perspective on the use of abiotic, neuromorphic nanowire networks as a means to investigate critical dynamics in complex adaptive systems. Neuromorphic nanowire networks are composed of metallic nanowires and possess metal-insulator-metal junctions. These networks self-assemble into a highly interconnected, variable-density structure and exhibit nonlinear electrical switching properties and information processing capabilities. We highlight key dynamical characteristics observed in neuromorphic nanowire networks, including persistent fluctuations in conductivity with power law distributions, hysteresis, chaotic attractor dynamics, and avalanche criticality. We posit that neuromorphic nanowire networks can function effectively as tunable abiotic physical systems for studying critical dynamics and leveraging criticality for computation.

The Impossibility of Automating Ambiguity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Abeba Birhane
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Embodied Cognitive Science ◽  
The One

Abstract On the one hand, complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches emphasize that people, as complex adaptive systems, are ambiguous, indeterminable, and inherently unpredictable. On the other, Machine Learning (ML) systems that claim to predict human behaviour are becoming ubiquitous in all spheres of social life. I contend that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ML systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future. Through the practice of clustering, sorting, and predicting human behaviour and action, these systems impose order, equilibrium, and stability to the active, fluid, messy, and unpredictable nature of human behaviour and the social world at large. Grounded in complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches, this article emphasizes why people, embedded in social systems, are indeterminable and unpredictable. When ML systems “pick up” patterns and clusters, this often amounts to identifying historically and socially held norms, conventions, and stereotypes. Machine prediction of social behaviour, I argue, is not only erroneous but also presents real harm to those at the margins of society.

scholarly journals Productivity Equation and the m Distributions of Information Processing in Workflows

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Roberto Telles
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Probabilistic Systems ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Definition Of

This research proposes and investigates an equation for productivity in hybrid workflows regarding its robustness towards the definition of workflows as a hybrid probabilistic systems. The proposed equation and its derivations were formulated through a theoretical framework about information theory, probabilities and complex adaptive systems. By defining a productivity equation for organism-machine-environment interactions, discrete and continuous variables that constitute the systems can be controlled by a mathematical framework where prediction and monitoring aspects of optimization are possible without the limitation of strict empirical methods.

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