scholarly journals Estudos organizacionais e complexidade: Stacey e Morin

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Sérgio Luis Boeira ◽  
Ana Elise Cardoso Inácio ◽  
Jorge Altair Pinto Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Latin Culture ◽  
The One

This theoretical essay aims to identify some approaches to the complexity of comparing contributions of internationally renowned authors as a reference in organizational studies, such as Stacey and Morin. In the literature that deals with the theme of complexity, many similar concepts are observed; several contributions of authors, some trained in natural sciences, others in the human sciences and philosophy. It is a theme that is recognized both inter and transdisciplinary, and it has been gaining pulse since the 1980's. The conclusion is that Stacey and Morin have significantly contributed to the understanding of the organizational process and the differences between their approaches can be understood by comparing their life experiences and academic training. Furthermore, it is evident that overtime Stacey supports the critical and broad approach advocated by Morin complexity. On the one hand, while Stacey remains in the social sciences, Morin articulates social sciences as well as biophysics and philosophy. Regarding existing disputes in the field of complexity studies, this comparison indicates an improvement from the perspective of complexity intelligence (Latin culture) over the angle of complex adaptive systems (Anglo - Saxon culture).

scholarly journals The class as a learning entity (complex adaptive system): An idea from complexity science and educational research

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Newell
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Complexity Thinking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Social Collective

Educational theorists are making increasing use of the metaphors and concepts of complexity thinking in their discourses. In particular, Professors Brent Davis, Elaine Simmt, and Dennis Sumara have written extensively about using complexity thinking to shift attention from the individual student as the locus of learning (cognizing agent) to the social collective—the class—as the locus of learning. In this model, the class (students and teacher) is (potentially) a complex adaptive system. The students and teacher remain complex adaptive systems in their own right, but through dynamic local interactions there is the possibility of emergent behaviours indicative of learning that transcends that of the individuals within the class. The social collective we know as a class becomes an instance of the Aristotlean adage, “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” (With the coda that we cannot understand the whole by merely understanding the components.) Davis, Simmt, and Sumara have segued from complexity-informed descriptions of educational collectives to discussions about facilitating the self-organization of classes into complex adaptive systems – learning systems, in their language. In this paper, I discuss complex adaptive systems and look at how Davis, Simmt, and Sumara developed their thesis that the class collective, rather than individual student, is the appropriate level to investigate learning and teaching. We conclude by addressing some of the possibilities and challenges inherent in such a redescription of communities of learners.

Complex Adaptive Systems in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Eidelson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Political Transitions ◽  
Complex Adaptive

This article examines applications of complexity theory within the behavioral and social sciences. Specific attention is given to the fundamental characteristics of complex adaptive systems (CAS)—such as individuals, groups, and societies—including the underlying structure of CAS, the internal dynamics of evolving CAS, and how CAS respond to their environment. Examples drawn from psychology, sociology, economics, and political science include attitude formation, majority–minority relations, social networks, family systems, psychotherapy, norm formation, organizational development, coalition formation, economic instabilities, urban development, the electoral process, political transitions, international relations, social movements, drug policy, and criminal behavior. The discussion also addresses the obstacles to implementing the CAS perspective in the behavioral and social sciences and implications for research methodology.

scholarly journals Organizing Theories for Disasters into a Complex Adaptive System Framework

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Annetta Burger ◽  
William G. Kennedy ◽  
Andrew Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Interacting Systems ◽  
Individual Actor ◽  
The Individual

Increasingly urbanized populations and climate change have shifted the focus of decision makers from economic growth to the sustainability and resilience of urban infrastructure and communities, especially when communities face multiple hazards and need to recover from recurring disasters. Understanding human behavior and its interactions with built environments in disasters requires disciplinary crossover to explain its complexity, therefore we apply the lens of complex adaptive systems (CAS) to review disaster studies across disciplines. Disasters can be understood to consist of three interacting systems: (1) the physical system, consisting of geological, ecological, and human-built systems; (2) the social system, consisting of informal and formal human collective behavior; and (3) the individual actor system. Exploration of human behavior in these systems shows that CAS properties of heterogeneity, interacting subsystems, emergence, adaptation, and learning are integral, not just to cities, but to disaster studies and connecting them in the CAS framework provides us with a new lens to study disasters across disciplines. This paper explores the theories and models used in disaster studies, provides a framework to study and explain disasters, and discusses how complex adaptive systems can support theory building in disaster science for promoting more sustainable and resilient cities.

XXI secolo: l’universo fisico-cibernetico e le grandi sfide emergenti

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Mauro Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The One

In this chapter we outline the cyber-physical world we entered following the pervasive diffusion of information processing devices that are able to able to interact through exchanging information (cyber-physical systems). In this way ubiquitous computing and ubiquitous connectivity are changing how people think, act and produce. Indeed processes and products are becoming smart and connected on a potentially global level. The possibility of realizing a digital of everything representation from the subatomic level and nanoscale to the astronomical level implies that the physical world is surrounded and pervaded by a digital sphere that interacts with and influences it. Are we in a world like the one hypothesized by Borges' famous paradoxes of the 1: 1 map? The reality Is very different from the imagery Borges’s map: hyperstructures self-organize and emerge, global players act and influence the dynamics of complex adaptive systems.

scholarly journals Evolutionary, Cognitive, and Contextual Approaches to the Study of Religious Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lang ◽  
Radek Kundt
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Contextual Variability ◽  
Religious Systems ◽  
Nature Vs Nurture ◽  
The One ◽  
The Explanatory Gap

Abstract The explanatory gap between the life sciences and the humanities that is present in the study of human phenomena impedes productive interdisciplinary examination that such a complex subject requires. Manifested as epistemological tensions over reductionism vs. holism, nature vs. nurture, and the study of micro vs. macro context, the divergent research approaches in the humanities and the sciences produce separate bodies of knowledge that are difficult to reconcile. To remedy this incommensurability, the article proposes to employ the complex adaptive systems approach, which allows to study specific cultural systems in their ecologies and to account for the myriads of factors that constitute such systems, including nonlinear interactions between these factors and their evolution. On a specific example of religious systems, we show that by studying cultural systems in their contextual variability, mechanistic composition, and evolutionary history, the humanities and the sciences should be able to fruitfully collaborate while avoiding previous pitfalls of excessive reductionism, genetic determinism, and sweeping overgeneralizations, on the one hand, and pitfalls of excessive holism, cultural determinism, and aversion to any generalizations, on the other hand.

scholarly journals The cooperative dynamics of Brazilian Oil and Gas Innovations Systems A Research Proposal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Ferreira Gama ◽  
Adriana S Vivacqua
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Adaptive

Brazilian legislation for the oil and gas sector stipulates a mandatory R&D investment for Oil and Gas Companies. This so-called Petroleum Law led to the establishment of an Innovation System between Universities, Government and Industry (UGI) in which relations between industry researchers and university professors are the heart of this system. From this perspective, modeling the social dynamics of researchers and professors could be considered a relevant contribution to understand the complex dynamic of this Innovation System. This article presents a research proposal to analyze and simulate the social dynamics of cooperation between researchers and professors through the Complex Adaptive Systems lens, in order to understand and measure the possible effects of the investment policy adopted by Brazilian government .

scholarly journals Reports of the AAAI 2009 Fall Symposia

AI Magazine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Roger Azevedo ◽  
Trevor Bench-Capon ◽  
Gautam Biswas ◽  
Ted Carmichael ◽  
Nancy Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Symposium Series ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Computational Argumentation

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence was pleased to present the 2009 Fall Symposium Series, held Thursday through Saturday, November 5–7, at the Westin Arlington Gateway in Arlington, Virginia. The Symposium Series was preceded on Wednesday, November 4 by a one-day AI funding seminar. The titles of the seven symposia were as follows: (1) Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, (2) Cognitive and Metacognitive Educational Systems, (3) Complex Adaptive Systems and the Threshold Effect: Views from the Natural and Social Sciences, (4) Manifold Learning and Its Applications, (5) Multirepresentational Architectures for Human-Level Intelligence, (6) The Uses of Computational Argumentation, and (7) Virtual Healthcare Interaction.

Distributed Agency

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Dante Suarez ◽  
Manuel Castañón-Puga
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Human Choice ◽  
Backwards Induction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Common

Distributed Agency is the name of a conceptual framework for describing complex adaptive systems that this paper develops. To understand the complexity of the world in a holistic fashion, the field of Modeling and Simulation is currently lacking a common terminology in which different bodies of knowledge can communicate with each other in a general language. In this work, agency is proposed as the common link between the different dimensions of reality, expressing the influence of one dimension on another. This conceptualization is based on a process of backwards induction where nested actors such as an evolved organism or a human choice can be represented as the resulting force of intertwined aims and constraints. The theoretical framework can serve as a point of reference for the social and computational researcher by communicating structural and emergent properties that are essential for the understanding of social and evolutionary phenomena such as companies, economies, governments, and ecosystems.

The Impossibility of Automating Ambiguity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Abeba Birhane
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Embodied Cognitive Science ◽  
The One

Abstract On the one hand, complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches emphasize that people, as complex adaptive systems, are ambiguous, indeterminable, and inherently unpredictable. On the other, Machine Learning (ML) systems that claim to predict human behaviour are becoming ubiquitous in all spheres of social life. I contend that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ML systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future. Through the practice of clustering, sorting, and predicting human behaviour and action, these systems impose order, equilibrium, and stability to the active, fluid, messy, and unpredictable nature of human behaviour and the social world at large. Grounded in complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches, this article emphasizes why people, embedded in social systems, are indeterminable and unpredictable. When ML systems “pick up” patterns and clusters, this often amounts to identifying historically and socially held norms, conventions, and stereotypes. Machine prediction of social behaviour, I argue, is not only erroneous but also presents real harm to those at the margins of society.

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