scholarly journals Critical geopolitics, the Shanghai cooperation organization and the sino-kazakh water agreements

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Lucas Gualberto do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Critical Geopolitics ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Chinese Water ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Water Diplomacy ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), previously known as the Shanghai Five, was formed in June 2001 as a security engagement organization. It is a highly influential organization in the Eurasian continent, and most Central Asian countries – Kazakhstan included - are members of SCO, as well as China. In recent years, the Chinese water diplomacy towards Kazakhstan has advanced in different agreements that are shaping the patterns of water security in Central Asia. The Chinese strategic interest in the development of the scope of the SCO in this region has made Kazakh transboundary water issues to advance in negotiations. However, these agreements have been made in a bilateral scheme, which is considered relatively unequal towards Kazakh interests; therefore, in spite of the Kazakh efforts, the SCO so far has not turned into a water security organization. This paper is going to analyze the current trends in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as the Sino-Kazakh cooperation platform, especially regarding transboundary water resources. From the perspective of the critical geopolitics scholarship and its considerations regarding the concepts of hegemony and zones of influence, the idea that the Sino-Kazakh cooperation has advanced following Chinese interests is going to be defended. In conclusion, this paper states that due to the lack of interest regarding Chinese water diplomacy, and despite of Kazakh efforts, the SCO is not in the near future launching great initiatives regarding water security in the region, reinforcing the Chinese diplomacy of bilateral water agreements. Recebido em 14/04/2021Aprovado em 19/09/2021

scholarly journals Experts' Perceptions of Water Security in Central Asia: results from a Delphi study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Aliya Assubayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
International Experts

Water security in Central Asia has been discussed by researchers and international organizations using hydrological, engineering, and modeling approaches. Various frameworks conceptualize water security through technical, socio-economic, and environmental aspects. This study attempts to identify the current trends of perceptions of experts about water security in Central Asian countries and Afghanistan as assessed through different regional and international experts with relevant knowledge and experience. The experts originate from diverse professional backgrounds like ministries, NGOs, international organizations, research, and academic institutes. The analysis was conducted through the Delphi approach, which has been widely used to identify experts' views by reaching a consensus on various subjects. The Delphi method assisted in the elicitation of experts' opinions about different water security dimensions in the overall region and each Central Asia country that have been suggested from the relevant literature. The two-round questionnaire was developed to infer the experts' views (round 1) on water security in Central Asia and then identify the agreement's rate with the initial findings (round 2). The results have shown that, while the relevant scientific literature gives priority to environmental factors, the experts emphasize water security's economic aspects. Experts suggested including transboundary challenges, legislative and institutional weaknesses in assessing water security in Central Asia and Afghanistan. Respondents highlighted the low effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the current institutions and mechanisms that dealt with water security-related issues in Central Asia and suggested strengthening water governance in the region.

International Legal Aspects of Regulating the Use of Transboundary Rivers in Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigerim Zhunusbekovna ZHUNUSBEKOVA ◽  
Aslan Khuseinovich ABASHIDZE ◽  
Sholpan Valerievna TLEPINA
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Central Asian

Water resources in Central Asia have always had and continue to have a significant impact on economic activities of the states of the region since all the major rivers here are transboundary and there are disagreements between the countries of the region about water supply and sharing of water resources. There are also disagreements on the application of norms of international law in the sphere of international legal regulation of transboundary water resources. The purpose of this article is to study international legal problems of transboundary water resources use by Central Asia states. In the course of the work performed, general methodological principles are used: system approach when analyzing the conceptual apparatus of the topic; comparative legal method when analyzing international treaties, acts, laws on the use of transboundary waters; method of historical analysis when studying the formation and development of international cooperation of Central Asian states in the field of transboundary water resources use.In this article, based on the study of international legal norms, the practice of their application in the field of cooperation of states on use of transboundary water resources, the problems and prospects for development of international legal regulation of cooperation of states in use and management of transboundary water resources in Central Asian region are identified.

scholarly journals Regulatory Initiatives of Central Asian Countries in Addressing Transboundary Water Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
E. G. Garbuzarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Water Problem ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Water Problems

After the collapse of the USSR the Central Asian countries found themselves facing serious regional challenges that hinder constructive interstate cooperation. Among such challenges the problem of transboundary water resources should be highlighted. The lack of a coordinated policy for regulating water flows continues to put the Central Asian countries in a vulnerable position, negatively affecting their national security, socio-economic development and the environmental situation in the region. Throughout their sovereign development the countries of the region tried to solve transboundary water problems by combining external and internal mechanisms. However, a solution to the problem that would meet the national interests of all interested countries was not found.Recently the ruling elites of the Central Asian countries have intensified the process of solving the water problem showing political will. They put forward a number of initiatives. A big role in reviving this issue belongs to Uzbekistan which has opened a new milestone in the settlement of water and energy conflicts in the region. Uzbekistan demonstrates a desire to solve the water problem constructively at the regional level. In this regard the proposals of the President of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoyev acquired great importance in solving the transboundary water problems of Central Asia. In 2018 Sh. Mirziyoyev put forward the initiative to adopt a Regional program for the rational use of water resources in Central Asia. Shortly before that he expressed a desire to participate in the implementation of joint hydropower projects with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Analyzing the current shifts in the water and energy issue we can talk about increasing trust between the countries of Central Asia and the beginning of the formation of a new regional interstate model of relations on the distribution of transboundary water resources.

scholarly journals Introductory Assessment of Transboundary Water Resources in Central Asian Riparian Countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur KHUJANAZAROV ◽  
Tsuneo TSUKATANI ◽  
Kristina TODERICH ◽  
Munimjon ABDUSAMATOV
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Central Asian

scholarly journals Water Diplomacy and Water Disputes in the Maghreb Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 530-543
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Dehshiri ◽  
Hamed Hekmatara
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Water Region ◽  
Water Diplomacy ◽  
Political Differences

In recent decades, with the rapid growth of the population of the Maghreb low-water region, the countries of this region have begun to make the most of their water resources. In this regard, the importance of the transboundary water resources of the region has been increased and disputes over these common resources have been gradually developed. Due to the historical political differences between some of the important countries in the Maghreb region, the lack of integrated water resources management and lack of sharing data has made it extremely difficult to form joint committees to oversee transboundary water resources as well as to negotiate the management of these waters; While conventions and initiatives that the countries of the region are members of them, can provide good conditions for water diplomacy and cooperation at the regional level and capacities should be used.

Towards Water Security in Central Asia: Evaluation of Experts’ Views through Delphi Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Assubayeva
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Security Components

<p>Water security in Central Asia has been studied by researchers and international organizations using hydrological, engineering, and modeling approaches. Attention has been paid on assessments about water security and insecurity perceptions in Central Asia. Various assessments have perceived water securitization concept through technical, socio-economic, and environmental dimensions. This paper attempts to identify the current trends of water security and insecurity perceptions in Central Asian as evaluated through different experts from the region. The experts originate from a diverse professional background like ministries, NGOs, research, and academic institutes.  The analysis is conducted through the Delphi approach, which has been widely used for the identification of experts' views by also attempting to reach a consensus on various subjects. In this study, the Delphi method will help in the elicitation of experts’ opinions about different dimensions and attributes of water security that have been suggested from the relevant literature.  An online questionnaire will be designed where the participating experts will be initially asked to express their views towards different security components (1<sup>st</sup> questionnaire round). The questionnaire results will be circulated among the experts in two more sequential rounds to query about their consent with the outcomes while the anonymity of respondents will be ensured.</p>

scholarly journals Weighted Bankruptcy Rules and Transboundary Water Resources Allocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2303-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojjat Mianabadi ◽  
Erik Mostert ◽  
Saket Pande ◽  
Nick van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Resources Allocation ◽  
Water Resources Allocation ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources
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