scholarly journals OS PRESSUPOSTOS DA INTERPRETAÇÃO ORTODOXA DO LEVIATÃ

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (26) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Jairo Rivaldo da SILVA (UFPE)
Keyword(s):  
David Gauthier

O objetivo do presente artigo é demonstrar como a interpretação ortodoxa do Leviatã se baseia em dois pressupostos básicos: 1) que Hobbes defendeu o egoísmo psicológico; 2) que Hobbes defendeu o egoísmo racional. Uma vez que esses pressupostos sejam identificados é possível perceber o seguinte padrão interpretativo nos principais comentadores da sua obra: o estado de natureza como um dilema do prisioneiro da teoria dos jogos; a obrigação política justificada pela razão prudencial; a irrelevância da religião para a teoria moral e política de Hobbes. A fim de demonstrar como a interpretação ortodoxa chegou a essas conclusões, esse artigo está dividido em duas partes. Na primeira parte, apresento os dois pressupostos principais, bem como a interpretação decorrente deles. Na última parte, tomo como exemplo a obra de David Gauthier, A Lógica do Leviatã, para demonstrar que os pressupostos da interpretação ortodoxa foram apresentados primeiramente ali.

The Interplay of Intention and Reason

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Bratman
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
Practical Rationality ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Pragmatic Theory ◽  
Related Idea ◽  
David Gauthier ◽  
Extended Agency ◽  
Extended Life

In a series of essays—in particular, his 1994 essay “Assure and Threaten”—David Gauthier develops a two-tier pragmatic theory of practical rationality and argues, within that theory, for a distinctive account of the rationality of following through with prior assurances or threats. His discussion suggests that certain kinds of temporally extended agency play a special role in one’s temporally extended life going well. I argue that a related idea about diachronic self-governance helps explain a sense in which an accepted deliberative standard can be self-reinforcing. And this gives us resources to adjust Gauthier’s theory in response to a threat of what Kieran Setiya has called a “fragmentation of practical reason.”

scholarly journals Contractualism vs. contractarianism

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Dobrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
David Gauthier ◽  
Thomas Scanlon

The author insists that, within contemporary theory, common division of social contract tradition on ?Hobbesian? and ?Kantian? line of thought is entirely justified. Analyzing the theories of David Gauthier and Thomas Scanlon, he also indicates the important difference between ?moral? and ?political? dimension of the idea of social contract. Finally, he rejects recent attempts of identifying contractualism with constructivism.

Getting the Baseline Right—or—Why I’m Right and Everyone Else is Wrong, in each of the Two Senses of ‘Why’

Dialogue ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-757
Author(s):  
PAUL VIMINITZ
Keyword(s):  
Life And Death ◽  
David Gauthier

My fellow contractarians and I are of a mind that it would be irrational to comply with a distribution of the cooperative dividend that worsens one’s condition. But worse than what? According to David Gauthier et al., it’s non-interaction, i.e., what would be the case were the negotiators never to have met. I argue that it’s what would be the case in the absence of their coming to an agreement. As it turns out, this distinction can be, and often is, a matter of life and death.

Écueils des théories de la rationalité

Dialogue ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-826
Author(s):  
J. Nicolas Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Grand Nombre ◽  
David Gauthier

Un grand nombre de problèmes dont traite aujourd'hui la théorie de la décision reposent sur des problématiques qui appartiennent à des approches philosophiques, méthodologiques et théoriques fort différentes et dont l'auteur deChoix rationnel et vie publiquedéplore à juste titre l'absence d'unité intrinsèque. En effet, les racines de la théorie contemporaine du choix rationnel ont des ramifications dans trois traditions philosophiques qui ont été maintenues sans entretenir de contacts: théories philosophiques de l'action d'Aristote à Hume, à Kant et à la philosophie analytique de l'action de Davidson; la théorie du conflit de Hobbes à David Gauthier; la théorie de la justice (d'inspiration utilitariste qui a profondément marqué la pensée économique du XXesiècle). Ces branches ont entretenu des interactions sporadiques, mais ces relations n'ont jamais été exploitées systématiquement. Le travail que présente l'auteur est une première tentative dans cette direction, du moins en langue française.

An Interview with David Gauthier

Cogito ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
David Gauthier

David Gauthier and The Development of a Contractarian Morality

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Pedro Frances-Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
David Gauthier

AbstractThe appearance of the following pages might suggest an "intellectual biography". My purpose is not, though, to offer such a simple thing (interesting as it might be). Indeed, I would like to follow the evolution of Gauthier's thought not only to show how a thinker evolved from a particular view about a particular problem toward a quite original and suggestive formulation, but also to deepen our comprehension of moral contractarianism and its implications, by means of its contextualization. For this reason, I will focus not on Gauthier's philosophical production as a whole (we will pay little attention to his historical works, for example), but on the papers and works that mark the line toward moral contractarianism as it is found in Morals by Agreement (henceforth MA). The trajectory we are about to go over is not, therefore, only a personal adventure (though it will be displayed this way), but (if I may use this pompous language) the adventure of ideas. This will not be an easy journey. Our focus on the historical development of concepts will prevent us from giving a fully systematic account of every one of them. The unfamiliar reader may be disappointed as we use somewhat strange terms without completely explaining their meaning. We beg acquiescence with our method, hoping that, on the whole, the essential ideas will be understandable without a detailed discussion.

scholarly journals Earth Forces: Contemporary Land Arts, Technology and New Materialist Aesthetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Parikka
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Land Art ◽  
Media Art ◽  
Robert Smithson ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
David Gauthier ◽  
Contemporary Artists

This article addresses recent art projects that are discussed under the notion of new materialist aesthetics. This term is used to elaborate connections between these projects and their methods and recent discussions of the nonhuman and posthuman philosophy.  The article also elaborates some positions in technological or 'media art' practices that work on hardware and infrastructure but also on the geophysical underpinnings of media. It expands on more geocentric perspectives in art and aesthetics through connecting a range of such projects by a contemporary artists including Martin Howse, Jonathan Kemp, Ryan Jordan, Terike Haapoja, Jamie Allen and David Gauthier to the body of land art (as represented by Robert Smithson) and current new materialist discussions.

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