Implicatures in Altfatah Nando’s Short Movie Terlanjur Mencinta

YouTube has been flooded with contents within a movie genre, mostly the products by junior creators. It is therefore important to appreciate their works to maintain their creativities and innovations. Positive responses to such literary works are also required to improve their quality writing. The current study was aimed at identifying and at the same time construing the implicatures found in each act of the movie entitled “Terlanjur Mencinta” directed by Alfatah Nando. George Yule’s pragmatic theory (1996) was used in relation to implicatures caused by conversational maxims (Grice, 1975) supported by linguistic evidence-based contextual interpretation, namely utterances and stage directions. Findings show that generalized conversational implicatures were identified, namely 12 implicatures in which 42% was due to violation of manner maxim, 33% attributed to that of relation maxim, 17% due to that of quantity maxim, and 8% due to that of quality maxim. In addition, 4 conventional implicatures were found in the monologue. The study concludes that the implicatures can be easily understood through the contexts of situations. It is recommended that future researchers can formulate the ideal proportion and distribution of implicatures in a particular text in terms of quality, employing comparative rhetoric and a special research instrument.

A Pragmatic Theory of Occupants' Indoor-Environmental Control Behaviour

Computational tools for building design and operation support entail fairly detailed representations of buildings' geometry, construction, and systems. Recent efforts aim at enhancing, in these tools, the relatively less developed models of building users. Thereby, one of the key challenges concerns the fit between the nature and level of needed support (e.g., performance queries) on the one hand and the required or appropriate resolution of the applied occupant model on the other hand. Some queries involving aggregate performance indicator may be sufficiently served by simple models of occupants' presence and actions in buildings. Detailed queries, however, may necessitate the implementation of high-resolution dynamic occupant representations. Methods to generate an occupant model may be fully data-driven, or they may be based on explicitly stated causal theories of human behaviour. However, there is not necessarily a sharp boundary between these approaches: Regularities harnessed by data-driven methods often reveal an implicit theoretical feature, as they are key to mapping processes from independent variables (model input) to dependent variables (manifest behaviour). Causal methods, on the other hand, need data to both develop and calibrate occupant methods. In this context, the present paper introduces the outline and main elements of a pragmatic theory of control-oriented human behaviour in buildings. The theory is suggested to inform the efforts towards construction of occupant models in computational applications related to building design, operation, and evaluation. Specifically, it can systematically guide the formulation of occupant-related ontologies and their instantiation in computational applications.

THE EQUIVALENT OF THE JAPANESE VERBS SONAERU, SASHIAGERU, AND SAZUKERU INTO INDONESIAN

This research focuses on the verb equivalent of 'giving' Japanese into Indonesian. Japanese and Indonesian have different expressions of the 'giving' verb, both syntactically and pragmatically. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. In this study, the theory used is semantic theory from Chaer which states lexical meaning and grammatical meaning. The pragmatic theory used in this study is the contextual theory from Pateda which is supported by the politeness level factor approach of Mizutani & Mizutani. The data source of this study uses data from the Japanese corpus, namely www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/. The results of this study indicate that (1) sentence structure with sonaeru verb in Japanese, does not require the appearance of three arguments that express datif. And the sentence structure with the sashiageru and sazukeru verbs must use three arguments which state datif (ni) which indicates the existence of a giver, recipient, and something given. (2) the equivalent of the Japanese verb sonaeru, sashiageru, and sazukeru in the Indonesian sentence structure shows that the three verbs are lexically, namely sonaeru, sashiageru, and sazukeru are both meaningful giving. In addition, the sonaeru verb has a broader lexical meaning that can express offer, present, provide, prepare, present from someone who is positioned down to the boss. The sashiageru verb has a lexical meaning only to give both goods and services from subordinates to superiors. Verb sazukeru has a lexical meaning bestowed, teach, offered. The use of these three verbs in grammatical meaning will be adjusted to the context of the sentence. Keywords: datif, giving, sashiageru, sazukeru, sonaeru

Pragmatic Analysis of the Little Match

Generally, in social science and specifically in Linguistics, the basic purpose of cooperative principles is to describe how people achieve effective communication in social situations. It elaborates how listeners and speakers act effectively and cooperatively, understanding each other in a particular way. Paul Grice introduced it in his pragmatic theory, ‘we make our contribution effective in conversation according to the requirement at the given stage at which it occurs, accepting the purpose and direction of the talk exchange in which we are engaged.’ The short story “The Little Match Girl” is analyzed by applying the four maxims with the objective of better understanding of the text. It also analyzes whether all four maxims can be applied in one type of text and their presence can enhance the understanding of the text as well. The aim of the analysis is to mark the stylistic effect of Grice’s principles that may contribute to the better comprehension of the narrative from pedagogical point of view.

An Evaluation of William James’ Pragmatic Concept of Truth

This article focuses on an evaluation of William James’ pragmatic concept of truth. Pragmatism is one of the contemporary schools of thought or movements in philosophy. It emphasizes the practical aspects of ideas or theories. Among the basic issues in pragmatism is the issue of truth. The basic questions are: What is pragmatism? How does William James conceive truth in his pragmatic theory? Is truth objective or relative? Is truth static or ever-changing? Is there any relationship between truth and practical consequences of things? Is truth intrinsic or extrinsic to an idea? These and other related issues are the major focus of this article. William James, in his pragmatism, approaches truth from the perspective of its practical consequence, and argues that truth ‘happens’ to an idea. The researcher argues that though William James’ pragmatic concept of truth is associated with some problems, he has made outstanding contributions to scholarship by bringing out the practical implications of truth, and extricating it from rationalistic tendency as well as dogmatism.

Analysis of Female Implicates in the Video “Cara Kodein Cowok Biar Cepet Merid” by Last Day Production

A speech can also lead to a description of the principles of conversation. This also happened in Las Day Production's video “Cara Kodein Cowok Biar Cepet Merid”. This research aims to find out and describe the female characters’ utterances or the implicit forms of the in the video "Cara Kodein Cowok Biar Cepet Merid" by Last Day Production. The approach in this research uses pragmatic and qualitative descriptive. The data collection technique in this study was using the note-taking technique. The data analysis techniques used in this study were data triangulation, theory triangulation, and source triangulation. Triangulation of data was generated by recording the speech of a female character in the video "Cara Kodein Cowok Biar Cepet Merid" by Last Day Production. The theory triangulation refers to pragmatic theory, while the source triangulation is the video "Cara Kodein Cowok Biar Cepet Merid" by Last Day Production, which is downloaded on YouTube. The research results in the video "Cara Kodein Cowok Biar Cepet Merid” have 8 stories of female characters that contain implicatures.

Fikih Maqasid dalam Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia tentang Penggunaan Vaksin Covid-19 Produk Astrazeneca

The rapid advancement of fiqh discourse has reached a thematic study phase and has shifted to a philosophical style. The philosophical type can be carried out through an integrated combination of fiqh and maqasid al-shari‘ah to produce a fiqh maqasid discourse in the Indonesian Ulama Council’s Fatwa Number 14 of 2021. Fiqh maqasid epistemology also needs to be addressed in this discourse. Efforts to reveal the existence of fiqh maqasid in the MUI fatwa and its epistemological building in this study used content analysis methods and Islamic legal philosophy as the approach. This research concludes that the fiqh maqasid paradigm has been applied in the MUI fatwa by using tarjih based on maqasid al-shari‘ah. In the realm of epistemology, fiqh maqasid originates from transcendental texts supported by ijma‘, and qawa’id al-fiqh. The paradigm in fiqh maqasid involves an integral relationship between ushul al-fiqh, fiqh, reality, maqasid al-shari‘ah, and qawa’id al-fiqh. While the truth in fiqh maqasid is based on the pragmatic theory of truth using instruments of utility, workability, satisfactory consequences.

Illocutionary Acts on Anies Baswedan’s Speech in Mayoral Meeting Cities Against Covid-19 Global Summit 2020

In this study, the researchers aim at describing illocutionary acts and the most frequently found in Anies Baswedan’s speech dealing with Covid-19. The researchers used a descriptive qualitative method to choose the data. The researcher tends to analyze the data using the pragmatic theory specifically a speech act proposed by Searle (1979) delivered by Anies Baswedan. Illocutionary acts can be divided into 5 types, there are representative, declarative, directive, commissive, expressive. Then, the researchers obtained the data from Anies in Mayoral Meeting Cities Against Covid-19 Global Summit 2020 with the clauses as the data analysis. The result shows that there are 102 data found in the video. Then, the dominant number found is representative with the total number 55 (53,9%), then followed by declarative 22 (21,6%), directive 12 (11,8%), expressive 8 (7,8%), and commissive 5 (4,9%). Then, representative one is dominant since the data tends to deliver the message by reporting, stating, describing a phenomenon, Covid-19 as the issue that must be solved. It is concluded that this study is in the line with the theories and the previous studies dealing with the illocutionary act. On the contrary, there is a previous study that contrasts with this study.

TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF MENYURUH TOKOH PROTAGONIS DALAM NOVEL BIDADARI-BIDADARI SURGA KARYA TERE LIYE/DIRECTIVE MEASURING OF PROTAGONIC CHARACTERS IN BIDADARI-BIDADARI SURGA NOVEL KARYA TERE LIYE

AbstrakPenelitian terhadap novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga karya Tere Liye ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kesantunan tindak tutur menyuruh pada tokoh protagonis dalam novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga karya Tere Liye. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga karya Tere Liye. Data penelitian ini adalah tindak tutur direktif menyuruh pada tokoh protagonis dalam novel tersebut. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara membaca dan memahami novel, mencatat kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat tokoh yang dapat dirumuskan sebagai bagian dari tuturan maupun tindak tutur menyuruh, dan menginventarisasikan data berdasarkan masalah-masalah tindak tutur direktif yang terdapat dalam novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga karya Tere Liye. Data dianalisis dan dibahas berdasarkan teori pragmatik. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan sembilan tuturan tindak tutur direktif menyuruh, yang menunjukkan bahwa tokoh protagonis dalam novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga karya Tere Liye cenderung melakukan tindak tutur menyuruh secara santun. Strategi bertutur tokoh utama dalam novel cenderung menggunakan tindak menyuruh kepada adik-adiknya. Kata kunci: tindak tutur direktif menyuruh, pragmatik, novel, Bidadari-Bidadari Surga AbstractThis research on the novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga by Tere Liye aims to explain the politeness of the speech acts of the protagonist in Tere Liye's novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data source in this research is the novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga by Tere Liye. The data of this research are directive speech acts ordered to the protagonist in the novel. Data were collected by understanding the novel, noting down words, phrases, clauses, or sentences that can be formulated as part of speech acts, and making an inventory of the data based on the problems of directive speech acts contained in Tere Liye's novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga. Data were analyzed and based on pragmatic theory. The results of this study shows nine directive ordered speech act utterances, which indicate that the protagonist in the novel Bidadari-Bidadari Surga by Tere Liye tends to perform speech acts politely. The strategy of telling the main character in the novel tends to use commands to order his younger siblings. Keywords: directive speech act ordered, pragmatic, novel, Bidadari-Bidadari Surga

The Medieval Life of Language

The Medieval Life of Language: Grammar and Pragmatics from Bacon to Kempe explores the complex history of medieval pragmatic theory and ideas and metapragmatic awareness across social discourses. Pragmatic thinking about language and communication are revealed in grammar, semiotics, philosophy, and literature. Part historical reconstruction, part social history, part language theory, Amsler supplements the usual materials for the history of medieval linguistics and discusses the pragmatic implications of grammatical treatises on the interjection, Bacon's sign theory, logic texts, Chaucer's poetry, inquisitors' accounts of heretic speech, and life writing by William Thorpe and Margery Kempe. Medieval and contemporary pragmatic theory are contrasted in terms of their philosophical and linguistic orientations. Aspects of medieval pragmatic theory and practice, especially polysemy, equivocation, affective speech, and recontextualization, show how pragmatic discourse informed social controversies and attitudes toward sincere, vague, and heretical speech. Relying on Bakhtinian dialogism, critical discourse analysis, and conversation analysis, Amsler situates a key period in the history of linguistics within broader social and discursive fields of practice.