scholarly journals Perspective of an Appropriate Amount of Energy Intake and Actual Meal for the Diabetic and/or Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Bando H
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Adequate nutritional therapy and research have been crucial for diabetes and obesity. Recent topics include Calorie restriction (CR) and Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD). It is rather difficult to calculate energy intake in person, and also to calculate the energy of the meal. There are some methods for investigating these factors, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE), physical-activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE), metabolic equivalent (MET) values, and the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method. Multi factors would be involved in the study. Further investigation would be expected for the determination of an appropriate amount of energy intake and meal energy in the future.

scholarly journals Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k4583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara B Ebbeling ◽  
Henry A Feldman ◽  
Gloria L Klein ◽  
Julia M W Wong ◽  
Lisa Bielak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Treat Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of diets varying in carbohydrate to fat ratio on total energy expenditure.DesignRandomized trial.SettingMulticenter collaboration at US two sites, August 2014 to May 2017.Participants164 adults aged 18-65 years with a body mass index of 25 or more.InterventionsAfter 12% (within 2%) weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomly assigned to one of three test diets according to carbohydrate content (high, 60%, n=54; moderate, 40%, n=53; or low, 20%, n=57) for 20 weeks. Test diets were controlled for protein and were energy adjusted to maintain weight loss within 2 kg. To test for effect modification predicted by the carbohydrate-insulin model, the sample was divided into thirds of pre-weight loss insulin secretion (insulin concentration 30 minutes after oral glucose).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was total energy expenditure, measured with doubly labeled water, by intention-to-treat analysis. Per protocol analysis included participants who maintained target weight loss, potentially providing a more precise effect estimate. Secondary outcomes were resting energy expenditure, measures of physical activity, and levels of the metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin.ResultsTotal energy expenditure differed by diet in the intention-to-treat analysis (n=162, P=0.002), with a linear trend of 52 kcal/d (95% confidence interval 23 to 82) for every 10% decrease in the contribution of carbohydrate to total energy intake (1 kcal=4.18 kJ=0.00418 MJ). Change in total energy expenditure was 91 kcal/d (95% confidence interval −29 to 210) greater in participants assigned to the moderate carbohydrate diet and 209 kcal/d (91 to 326) greater in those assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with the high carbohydrate diet. In the per protocol analysis (n=120, P<0.001), the respective differences were 131 kcal/d (−6 to 267) and 278 kcal/d (144 to 411). Among participants in the highest third of pre-weight loss insulin secretion, the difference between the low and high carbohydrate diet was 308 kcal/d in the intention-to-treat analysis and 478 kcal/d in the per protocol analysis (P<0.004). Ghrelin was significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with those assigned to the high carbohydrate diet (both analyses). Leptin was also significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet (per protocol).ConclusionsConsistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model, lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance. This metabolic effect may improve the success of obesity treatment, especially among those with high insulin secretion.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02068885.

scholarly journals Energy Requirement Is Higher During Weight-Loss Maintenance in Adults Consuming a Low- Compared with High-Carbohydrate Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara B Ebbeling ◽  
Lisa Bielak ◽  
Paul R Lakin ◽  
Gloria L Klein ◽  
Julia M W Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

ABSTRACT Background Longer-term feeding studies suggest that a low-carbohydrate diet increases energy expenditure, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity. However, the validity of methodology utilized in these studies, involving doubly labeled water (DLW), has been questioned. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary energy requirement for weight-loss maintenance is higher on a low- compared with high-carbohydrate diet. Methods The study reports secondary outcomes from a feeding study in which the primary outcome was total energy expenditure (TEE). After attaining a mean Run-in weight loss of 10.5%, 164 adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2; 70.1% women) were randomly assigned to Low-Carbohydrate (percentage of total energy from carbohydrate, fat, protein: 20/60/20), Moderate-Carbohydrate (40/40/20), or High-Carbohydrate (60/20/20) Test diets for 20 wk. Calorie content was adjusted to maintain individual body weight within ± 2 kg of the postweight-loss value. In analyses by intention-to-treat (ITT, completers, n = 148) and per protocol (PP, completers also achieving weight-loss maintenance, n = 110), we compared the estimated energy requirement (EER) from 10 to 20 wk of the Test diets using ANCOVA. Results Mean EER was higher in the Low- versus High-Carbohydrate group in models of varying covariate structure involving ITT [ranging from 181 (95% CI: 8–353) to 246 (64–427) kcal/d; P ≤0.04] and PP [ranging from 245 (43–446) to 323 (122–525) kcal/d; P ≤0.02]. This difference remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for change in adiposity and possible nonadherence. Conclusions Energy requirement was higher on a low- versus high-carbohydrate diet during weight-loss maintenance in adults, commensurate with TEE. These data are consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model and lend qualified support for the validity of the DLW method with diets varying in macronutrient composition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02068885.

scholarly journals The Reduced Energy Intake of Rats Fed a High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate Diet Explains the Lower Fat Deposition, but Macronutrient Substitution Accounts for the Improved Glycemic Control1–3

2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 1849-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Blouet ◽  
François Mariotti ◽  
Dalila Azzout-Marniche ◽  
Cécile Bos ◽  
Véronique Mathé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate
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