scholarly journals On the question of the structure of the legal ideal in modern conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
I. Treushnikov ◽  
E. Gryaznova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Managerial Activity ◽  
The Ideal

The purpose of this work is to analyze the ideas in the modern socio-humanitarian scientific literature about the structure of the legal ideal. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the legal ideal is mainly considered in the system of axiological culture. The authors propose to structure the legal ideal on the basis of the dialectic of the components of managerial activity. This approach allows us to see that the legal ideal is a dialectical unity of a legal subject, object, means, goals, result, etc. in the system of managerial activity. The desire of mankind to build an ideal society and state on the basis of the legal ideal is a consequence of the movement of man himself towards the ideal. However, real life shows that what is desired is at odds with reality. This discrepancy is natural, but it is measurable and predictable. The digital society poses serious obstacles and problems in the movement of a person to perfection, distorting the very meaning of the concept of “perfect person”. In order to anticipate possible negative distortions of the concept of a legal ideal, it is necessary to conduct systematic studies of its nature and patterns of development, which gives an idea of its structure.

Looking Backward 2000-1887

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Utopian Fiction ◽  
Socialist Utopia ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Ideal

‘No person can be blamed for refusing to read another word of what promises to be a mere imposition upon his credulity.’ Julian West, a feckless aristocrat living in fin-de-siècle Boston, plunges into a deep hypnotic sleep in 1887 and wakes up in the year 2000. America has been turned into a rigorously centralized democratic society in which everything is controlled by a humane and efficient state. In little more than a hundred years the horrors of nineteenth-century capitalism have been all but forgotten. The squalid slums of Boston have been replaced by broad streets, and technological inventions have transformed people’s everyday lives. Exiled from the past, West excitedly settles into the ideal society of the future, while still fearing that he has dreamt up his experiences as a time traveller. Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward (1888) is a thunderous indictment of industrial capitalism and a resplendent vision of life in a socialist utopia. Matthew Beaumont’s lively edition explores the political and psychological peculiarities of this celebrated utopian fiction.

scholarly journals Black-Box-Based Mathematical Modelling of Machine Intelligence Measuring

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
László Barna Iantovics
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Intelligent Agent ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Np Hard Problem ◽  
Box Method

Current machine intelligence metrics rely on a different philosophy, hindering their effective comparison. There is no standardization of what is machine intelligence and what should be measured to quantify it. In this study, we investigate the measurement of intelligence from the viewpoint of real-life difficult-problem-solving abilities, and we highlight the importance of being able to make accurate and robust comparisons between multiple cooperative multiagent systems (CMASs) using a novel metric. A recent metric presented in the scientific literature, called MetrIntPair, is capable of comparing the intelligence of only two CMASs at an application. In this paper, we propose a generalization of that metric called MetrIntPairII. MetrIntPairII is based on pairwise problem-solving intelligence comparisons (for the same problem, the problem-solving intelligence of the studied CMASs is evaluated experimentally in pairs). The pairwise intelligence comparison is proposed to decrease the necessary number of experimental intelligence measurements. MetrIntPairII has the same properties as MetrIntPair, with the main advantage that it can be applied to any number of CMASs conserving the accuracy of the comparison, while it exhibits enhanced robustness. An important property of the proposed metric is the universality, as it can be applied as a black-box method to intelligent agent-based systems (IABSs) generally, not depending on the aspect of IABS architecture. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the MetrIntPairII metric, we provide a representative experimental study, comparing the intelligence of several CMASs composed of agents specialized in solving an NP-hard problem.

Human Rights as a Fallback Apparatus

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Chan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Confucian Ethics ◽  
Instrumental Function ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Human Worth

This chapter contends that the idea of human rights is compatible with the Confucian understanding of ethics and society, but that in the ideal society people will be guided by precepts of benevolence and virtues rather than by considerations of human rights. Thus, human rights do not play an important practical role in an ideal society, for the same reason that rites are not important in the Grand Union. However, in nonideal situations, where virtuous relationships break down and mediation fails to reconcile conflicts, human rights can become a powerful fallback apparatus for the vulnerable to protect their legitimate interests against exploitation. The importance of human rights lies in its instrumental function. But unlike liberalism, Confucian ethics would not take human rights as constitutive of human worth or dignity.

Mapping the Need for Mobile Collaboration Technologies

2011 ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saonee Sarker ◽  
Damon E. Campbell ◽  
Jan Ondrus ◽  
Joseph S. Valacich
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Collaboration Technology ◽  
Collaboration Environment ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Collaboration Technologies ◽  
Mobile Collaboration ◽  
The Ideal

With the growing popularity of mobile technologies and the increasing use of groups within organizations, it is important to understand the collaboration contexts where mobile collaboration technologies (MCTs) are essential. This is especially critical given the high cost associated with the acquisition and implementation of MCTs and the need to make an informed decision regarding the appropriateness of MCTs. In this paper, the authors address this issue by first drawing on real life-based collaboration scenarios and examining the technology requirements of groups; second, comparing the features offered by MCTs with those of FTF and two types of CMCTs; third, proposing a collaboration environment-technology fit perspective in realizing optimal usage of a collaboration technology; and fourth, creating the Group Collaboration Technology Repertoire Grid, which maps the “ideal” collaboration technology(s) repertoire for each type of collaboration environment. The grid highlights the collaboration environments that would need MCTs and provides managers or organizational group leaders the ability to map their collaboration environments into a specific category and thus more easily decide on the particular collaboration technology repertoire that would be most beneficial.

Mapping the Need for Mobile Collaboration Technologies

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saonee Sarker ◽  
Damon E. Campbell ◽  
Jan Ondrus ◽  
Joseph S. Valacich
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Collaboration Technology ◽  
Collaboration Environment ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Collaboration Technologies ◽  
Mobile Collaboration ◽  
The Ideal

With the growing popularity of mobile technologies and the increasing use of groups within organizations, it is important to understand the collaboration contexts where mobile collaboration technologies (MCTs) are essential. This is especially critical given the high cost associated with the acquisition and implementation of MCTs and the need to make an informed decision regarding the appropriateness of MCTs. In this paper, the authors address this issue by first drawing on real life-based collaboration scenarios and examining the technology requirements of groups; second, comparing the features offered by MCTs with those of FTF and two types of CMCTs; third, proposing a collaboration environment-technology fit perspective in realizing optimal usage of a collaboration technology; and fourth, creating the Group Collaboration Technology Repertoire Grid, which maps the “ideal” collaboration technology(s) repertoire for each type of collaboration environment. The grid highlights the collaboration environments that would need MCTs and provides managers or organizational group leaders the ability to map their collaboration environments into a specific category and thus more easily decide on the particular collaboration technology repertoire that would be most beneficial.

scholarly journals Time–energy uncertainty principle for irreversible heat engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2170) ◽  
pp. 20190171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Hanel ◽  
Petr Jizba
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Bohr Radius ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
The Ideal

Even though irreversibility is one of the major hallmarks of any real-life process, an actual understanding of irreversible processes remains still mostly semi-empirical. In this paper, we formulate a thermodynamic uncertainty principle for irreversible heat engines operating with an ideal gas as a working medium. In particular, we show that the time needed to run through such an irreversible cycle multiplied by the irreversible work lost in the cycle is bounded from below by an irreducible and process-dependent constant that has the dimension of an action. The constant in question depends on a typical scale of the process and becomes comparable to Planck’s constant at the length scale of the order Bohr radius, i.e. the scale that corresponds to the smallest distance on which the ideal gas paradigm realistically applies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fundamental aspects of nonequilibrium thermodynamics’.

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