scholarly journals Microbial dechlorination of polychrolinated biphenyls

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasta Dudková ◽  
Kateřina Demnerová ◽  
Donna L. Bedard
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aroclor 1248 ◽  
Chlorine Substitution ◽  
Lower Extent

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic xenobiotics contaminating environment for at least 50 years. They could be eventually eliminated by various organisms under different conditions. The degree of chlorine substitution per biphenyl molecule influences biodegradability which decreases with increasing chlorination. Our work is focused on the PCBs biodegradation under anaerobic conditions. The suitable high chlorinated biphenyls are converted via reductive dechlorination to the chlorinated biphenyls with lower extent of chlorine, which could be eventually fully mineralized by aerobic bacteria. Microbial consortium was isolated from sediment of Strážský Creek (located near by plant producing PCBs in the past). This consortium was able to dechlorinate polychlorinated biphenyls under anoxic conditions. The effectiveness of this process was tested under different cultivation condition – different energetic sources (Aroclor 1248 or Aroclor 1260 or Delor 103 or Delor 106), addition of potential electron donors (pyruvate, lactate or acetate with hydrogen) and further if there is necessary to add yeast extract into fresh low sulphur cultivation media. Our microbial consortia so far do not need supplementation by non-contaminated sediment to maintain dechlorination activity. Addition of yeast extract is non essential, but needs to be further proved in serial transfers. In all cases (except acetate without yeast extract) dechlorination proceeds at meta- and flanked paraposition.

Arsenic Release from Highly Contaminated Sediment during Resuspesion

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 327-330
Author(s):  
Hui Xin Yu ◽  
Yi Ping Chen ◽  
Yong Feng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Dominant Mechanism ◽  
Arsenic Sulfides ◽  
Anthropogenic Process

Arsenic release mediated by biotic and abiotic activities from sediment during resuspension was investigated in laboratory. The results showed that arsenic was released strongly during resuspension, indicating highly contaminated sediment disturbed by wave or anthropogenic process may lead to strong arsenic release and threaten the local aquatic environment. Combine with change of solid species, we can conclude that oxidation of arsenic sulfides primarily contributed to arsenic release to the aqueous phase. Arsenic release was significantly accelerated by aerobic bacteria compared with uninoculated systems, suggesting biotic oxidation of arsenic sulfides may be the dominant mechanism responsible for partition of arsenic between solid and aqueous phase during resuspension.

Carbon–Foam Chromatographic Separation of Non-o,o´-Chlorine Substituted PCBs from Aroclor Mixtures

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-755
Author(s):  
James N Huckins ◽  
David L Stalling ◽  
Jimmie D Petty
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Foam ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Aroclor 1248

Abstract Columns of activated carbon dispersed on shredded polyurethane foam were used to separate non-o,o´-chlorine (Cl) substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from mg quantities of Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260. Aroclor 1248 contained the highest concentration (3400 μg/g) of highly toxic 3,4,3´,4´tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB). Lesser amounts of 3,4,3’,4’-TCB were also found in Aroclors 1242 and 1254. However, we were unable to detect 3,4,3’,4’-TCB in Aroclors 1016 and 1260. Varying amounts of the non-o,o´-Cl substituted 3,4,4´-trichlorobiphenyl and 3,4,3´,4´,5´-pentachlorobiphenyl were found in most of the Aroclor mixtures. No residues of 3,4,5,3´,4´,5´-hexachlorobiphenyl were detected in the Aroclor mixtures examined. Using carbon-foam chromatography and high resolution capillary gas chromatography, 0.11 μg 3,4,3´,4´-TCB/g was detected in 3 subsamples of a composite of 5 carp from the Ohio River.

scholarly journals Influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phytoestrogens on prostaglandin F2α and E2secretion from bovine endometrial cells at a postovulatory stage of the estrous cycle 

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wrobel ◽  
J. Kotwica
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Aroclor 1248 ◽  
Pcb 126 ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phytoestrogens were found to affect contractions of bovine uterus. Prostaglandins (PG) F<sub>2</sub><sub>&aacute;</sub> and E<sub>2</sub> are also involved in the uterine contractility. Hence the aim of these studies was to investigate the effect of PCBs and some phytoestrogens on PG secretion from endometrial cells obtained on days 1&ndash;5 of the oestrous cycle. Cells were incubated in aerated atmosphere at 38&deg;C for 24 h, separately with the mixture of PCBs &ndash; Aroclor 1248 (10 ng/ml), with individual congeners -77, -126 or -153 (each at the dose 100 &nbsp;g/ml), coumestrol, daidzein or genistein (each at the dose 10<sup>&ndash;6</sup>M) or jointly each PCB with each of the phytoestrogens. Using the TOX1-kit neither Aroclor 1248 (Ar 1248) nor individual congeners were found to affect the viability of cells compared to the control (P &gt; 0.05). All used PCBs markedly increased the metabolite of PGF<sub>2</sub><sub>&aacute;</sub>(PGFM) concentrations (P &lt; 0.05) but not PGE<sub>2 </sub>(P &gt; 0.05). Hence the ratio of PGF<sub>2</sub><sub>&aacute;</sub> to PGE<sub>2</sub> was also increased by PCBs. However, when these cells were incubated with each of the phytoestrogens, there was a decrease in both PGF<sub>2</sub><sub>&aacute;</sub> and PGE<sub>2</sub> secretion compared to the control (P &lt; 0.05) but without altering the PGF<sub>2</sub><sub>&aacute;</sub> : PGE<sub>2</sub> ratio. Moreover, phytoestrogens could clearly reduce the concentrations of PGFM elicited by PCBs, and they reduced PGE<sub>2</sub> secretion compared to that evoked by PCB-126 and &ndash;153 only. Thus phytoestrogens can restore the proper ratio of PGF<sub>2</sub><sub>&aacute;</sub> : PGE<sub>2</sub> secreted by the bovine endometrium.

Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Aroclor and Kanechlor Mixtures

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayanan Kannan ◽  
Shinsuke Tan Abe ◽  
Tadaaki Wakimoto ◽  
Ryo Tatsukawa
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Coplanar Pcbs ◽  
Aroclor 1248 ◽  
Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Abstract Three congeners of coplanar PCBs (non-0-0 -chlorine-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls) were determined in representative commercial PCB preparations. The 3,3,4,4 -tetrachlorobiphenyl was highest in Kanechlor 400 (8500 μg/g) and Aroclor 1248 (6060 μg/ g) followed by Kanechlors 300, 500, and 600 and Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 in that order. The toxic 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl were also detected in those mixtures. The highest concentrations of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl were found in Kanechlor 400 (89.3 μg/g) and Aroclor 1248 (62.3 μg/g) followed by Kanechlors 500, 300, and 600 and Aroclors 1254,1242, and 1260 in that order. The 3,3',4,4',5,5-hexwhlorobiphenyl was detected in all Kanechlor mixtures, with the highest concentration (1.16 μg/g) in Kanechlor 500. However, among Aroclor mixtures, it was detected only in Aroclor 1254 at a concentration of 0.66 jtg/g. The importance of these toxic constituents in PCB mixtures is worth considering in view of widespread pollution of the environment by PCBs.

Bioremediation of PCB-contaminated sediments and evaluation of their pre- and post-treatment ecotoxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Dudášová ◽  
Katarína Lászlová ◽  
Lucia Lukáčová ◽  
Marta Balaščáková ◽  
Slavomíra Murínová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Degradation Ability

AbstractThe paper deals with the application of two perspective and promising bioremediation approaches, bioaugmentation and biostimulation, applied to sediment contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with the aim to enhance biodegradation of PCBs. Sediments were sampled from Strážsky canal, an industrial waste canal that flows from a former PCB-factory through the Laborec river into the Zemplínska šírava water reservoir, all located in the eastern part of Slovakia. Bioaugmentation of sediments was performed in microcosms using two bacterial isolates with PCB-degradation ability obtained from the contaminated sediment:

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Components on the Biodegradation of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-Xylenes by the Newly Isolated Bacterium Pseudoxanthomonas spadix BD-a59

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (23) ◽  
pp. 7313-7320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Myeong Kim ◽  
Ngoc Thuan Le ◽  
Bok Sil Chung ◽  
Jin Ho Park ◽  
Jin-Woo Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Gasoline Station ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Soil Components ◽  
Btex Compounds

ABSTRACT A bacterium designated strain BD-a59, able to degrade all six benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene (BTEX) compounds, was isolated by plating gasoline-contaminated sediment from a gasoline station in Geoje, Republic of Korea, without enrichment, on minimal salts basal (MSB) agar containing 0.01% yeast extract, with BTEX as the sole carbon and energy source. Taxonomic analyses showed that the isolate belonged to Pseudoxanthomonas spadix, and until now, the genus Pseudoxanthomonas has not included any known BTEX degraders. The BTEX biodegradation rate was very low in MSB broth, but adding a small amount of yeast extract greatly enhanced the biodegradation. Interestingly, degradation occurred very quickly in slurry systems amended with sterile soil solids but not with aqueous soil extract. Moreover, if soil was combusted first to remove organic matter, the enhancement effect on BTEX biodegradation was lost, indicating that some components of insoluble organic compounds are nutritionally beneficial for BTEX degradation. Reverse transcriptase PCR-based analysis of field-fixed mRNA revealed expression of the tmoA gene, whose sequence was closely related to that carried by strain BD-a59. This study suggests that strain BD-a59 has the potential to assist in BTEX biodegradation at contaminated sites.

AVAILABILITY OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN FIELD-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing You ◽  
Peter F. Landrum ◽  
Tricia A. Trimble ◽  
Michael J. Lydy
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Contaminated Sediment
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