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Published By De Gruyter Open Sp. Z O.O.

1339-004x

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Andrea Szabó Nagy ◽  
Kálmán Varga ◽  
Bernadett Baja ◽  
Zoltán Németh ◽  
Desző Oravetz ◽  
...  

Our previous studies have revealed that a ”hybrid” structure of the amorphous and crystalline phases is formed in the outermost surface region of the austenitic stainless steel tubes of steam generators (SGs) as an undesired consequence of the industrial application of the AP-CITROX (AP: alkaline permanganate; CITROX: citric and oxalic acid) decontamination technology. The formation of this mobile oxide-layer increased the amount of the corrosion products in the primary circuit significantly, resulting in magnetite deposition on fuel assemblies. Owing to the fact that there is no investigation method available for the in-situ monitoring of the inner surfaces of heat exchanger tubes, a research project based on sampling as well as on ex-situ electrochemical and surface analytical measurements was elaborated. Within the frame of this project, comprehensive investigation of the general corrosion state and metallographic features of 36 stainless steel specimens, cut out from various locations of the 21 steam generators of the Paks NPP in the time period of 2000-2007 has been performed. The present work gives a brief overview on the general corrosion state of the heat exchanger tubes of SGs, concerning the long-term effects of the AP-CITROX procedure on the chemical composition and structure of the protective oxide-layer.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ďurčeková ◽  
Ján Mocák ◽  
Jozef Lehotay ◽  
Jozef Čižmárik

Anaesthetical activity of 113 morpholinoethyl-, piperidinoethyl-, piperidinopropyl- and azepanoethyl- ester derivatives of alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid was characterized by several chemometrical techniques. The surface anaesthetical activity, A, and the infiltration anaesthetical activity, B, were correlated to lipophilicity, (expressed by the logarithm of the HPLC retention factor, log k), the length of the side alkoxy chain (represented by the number n of carbon atoms), molar mass M as well as the ester type. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used for predicting both types of the anaesthetic activity of the alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid esters.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Iveta Štyriaková

Biotechnological treatment of non-metallics is based on bacterial leaching of raw material and dissolution of Fe. Bacterial iron dissolution ability is dependent on various physicochemical factors as temperature, acidity of solutions, redox potential, rapidity of water circulation and presence of organic sources. The Fe content in the quartz sands and feldspar samples by the biological leaching decreased as much as 60% and by subsequent using of electromagnetic separation of feldspars, the decrease of Fe content in 74% was achieved. However, the application of magnetic separation of quartz sands after bioleaching resulted in total iron removal of 93% and in such combined way prepared product contained 0.024 % of Fe2O3. Achieved results on iron removal point to the fact that combination of leaching and magnetic separation enables to obtain product usable in glass and ceramic industry.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Agáta Fargašová ◽  
Katarína Szárazová

The dry and fresh biomass and metal concentration (Cr, Ni) in roots and shoots of mustard (S. alba L.) seedlings was evaluated in laboratory experiments with three types of washing waste-waters from cutlery production line. All tested washing waters reduced root dry mass, where-as the dry mass of shoots was either not affected or it increased. The effect of tested washing waters was stronger on fresh mass production than on dry mass production. This indicates problems in water reception and translocation. While the accumulation of Cr was higher in the roots, Ni was distributed equally through the whole plant seedling. Cr uptake in the roots and shoots was in average about 1.7 and 7.3 times, respectively, lower than that of Ni. Ni percentage uptake from washing waters in the roots and shoots was nearly equal and range from 10.2 to 15.8%.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ľuboš Vrtoch ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jozef Augustín

Tobacco has previously been used in investigations of metals and radionuclide uptake. This study presents determination of bioaccumulation and translocation of 60Co2+ ions in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Cobalt concentration in tobacco plants increased with increasing concentration in nutrient solution. Bioaccumulation from the initial concentration C0 = 0.96 μM Co reached 90% after 7 day cultivation. Only small amounts of Co accumulated in roots, up to 2 - 4 % were removable from roots by washing with 0.1 M CoCl2, indicating that this portion of Co is bound to the root surface in ion-exchangeable form. Tobacco roots retained approximately 2/3 of accumulated cobalt and 1/3 was transported to shoots. Autoradiography revealed that 60Co was preferentially localized in younger leaves. Prolongation of cultivation time did not change the [Co]roots : [Co]shoots ratio significantly. Relationships between growth rate, transpiration rate, uptake and distribution of cobalt in plant tissue are discussed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Nadežda Juristová ◽  
Eleonóra Štefanovová ◽  
Tatiana Ďurčeková ◽  
Naďa Prónayová ◽  
Anton Gatial ◽  
...  

(E)-3-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)propenoic acid (I) was prepared from 1-benzofuran-2-carbaldehyde under the Doebner’s conditions. The obtained acid was converted to the corresponding azide II, which was cyclized by heating in diphenyl ether to [1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-1(2H)-one (III). This compound was aromatized with phosphorus oxychloride to chloroderivative IV which was reduced with zinc and acetic acid to the title compound V. [1]Benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-2-oxide (VI) was synthesized by reaction of V with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in dichloromethane. Treatment VI with benzoyl chloride and potassium cyanide (Reissert-Henze reaction) was shown to produce the corresponding [1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-1-carbonitrile (VII). The title compound was used for preparation of complex compounds VIII, IX


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Ľudovít Polívka ◽  
Eva Ürgeová

The entrance into the new millennium is branded by intensive development of science and new technologies. Life science and biotechnologies are widely recognize to be, after ICT, the parallel wave of knowledge – based economy, creating new opportunities for our society and economies. This application is the basic object of Lisbon strategy in Europe. This new trends, to make full use of biotechnology for sustainable economy, is official titled as bioeconomy around the world. The characteristics of bioeconomy and utilization of industrial biotechnology are presented in this article.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Pavel Janoš ◽  
Juraj Lesný ◽  
Lucia Závodská ◽  
Silvie Kříženecká ◽  
Lucie Herzogová

In recent time, various kinds of young brown (low-rank) coals are utilized increasingly not only as fuels, but also as valuable materials in advanced environmental applications. It should be noted in this context that significant deposits of the young brown coals can be found both in the Czech Republic as well as in Slovakia. For their effective applications e.g. in wastewater treatment or in soil remediation, the properties of the coals should be studied in more details and numerous physico-chemical characteristics should be measured. As a part of a common Czech-Slovak project, a series of various kinds of coals was collected, including North-Bohemian oxihumolites, lignite from South Moravia and several lignites from Slovakia (Baňa Zahorie). Basic properties were measured, such as acid-base titration curves, contents of main functional groups and sorption capability towards heavy metal cations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+) and some organic pollutants. The contents of humic substances – main active constituents of the young coals – were also determined. Selected environmental applications of the brown coals will be mentioned further, e.g. for the removal of metal cations from waters or in phytoremediation of contaminated soils.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Othmar Horak ◽  
Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl

Addition of iron oxides, lime, clay minerals and other substances can be used to decrease the plant availability of toxic heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, and Cd. Extractability and consequently plant concentrations may be reduced in some cases by more than 50%. The assessment of remediation processes is supported by biomonitoring methods in the field with Plantago lanceolata and in the greenhouse by barley test experiments, in combination with extraction by ammonium nitrate.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Alena Luptáková

The sulphate-reducing bacteria represent the part of the biosphere, the active component in the cycle of elements in the biosphere and as shown by the existing knowledge they are becoming also the part of the environmental industrial technologies. The objective of this work was to give principal information concerning characteristics, the occurrence and the importance of sulphate-reducing bacteria in environment.


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