Research note: This photograph has been altered: Testing the effectiveness of image forensic labeling on news image credibility

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.37016/mr-2020-72 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cuihua Shen ◽

Mona Kasra ◽

James F. O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Online News ◽

Research Note ◽

Human Beings ◽

Image Forensic ◽

General Inability

Despite the ubiquity of images and videos in online news environments, much of the existing research on misinformation and its correction is solely focused on textual misinformation, and little is known about how ordinary users evaluate fake or manipulated images and the most effective ways to label and correct such falsities. We designed a visual forensic label of image authenticity, Picture-O-Meter, and tested the label’s efficacy in relation to its source and placement in an experiment with 2440 participants. Our findings demonstrate that, despite human beings’ general inability to detect manipulated images on their own, image forensic labels are an effective tool for counteracting visual misinformation.

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Visual and Textual Analysis for Image Trustworthiness Assessment within Online News

Security and Communication Networks ◽

10.1155/2019/9236910 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Federica Lago ◽

Quoc-Tin Phan ◽

Giulia Boato

Keyword(s):

Textual Analysis ◽

Online News ◽

Multimedia Content ◽

Image Tampering ◽

Image Forensic ◽

Image Postprocessing ◽

Photo Editing ◽

And Behavior ◽

Textual Content ◽

Source Of Information

The majority of news published online presents one or more images or videos, which make the news more easily consumed and therefore more attractive to huge audiences. As a consequence, news with catchy multimedia content can be spread and get viral extremely quickly. Unfortunately, the availability and sophistication of photo editing software are erasing the line between pristine and manipulated content. Given that images have the power of bias and influence the opinion and behavior of readers, the need of automatic techniques to assess the authenticity of images is straightforward. This paper aims at detecting images published within online news that have either been maliciously modified or that do not represent accurately the event the news is mentioning. The proposed approach composes image forensic algorithms for detecting image tampering, and textual analysis as a verifier of images that are misaligned to textual content. Furthermore, textual analysis can be considered as a complementary source of information supporting image forensics techniques when they falsely detect or falsely ignore image tampering due to heavy image postprocessing. The devised method is tested on three datasets. The performance on the first two shows interesting results, with F1-score generally higher than 75%. The third dataset has an exploratory intent; in fact, although showing that the methodology is not ready for completely unsupervised scenarios, it is possible to investigate possible problems and controversial cases that might arise in real-world scenarios.

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Understanding Weather Phenomena via Metaphors in Mandarin Chinese: An Investigation from Meteorological Expressions in Cyber News in Taiwan

International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies ◽

10.36892/ijlts.v1i1.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 85-97

Author(s):

Chunying Wang

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Mandarin Chinese ◽

Conceptual Metaphor ◽

Online News ◽

Human Beings ◽

News Websites ◽

Weather Phenomenon ◽

Taiwanese People ◽

Abstract Ideas

This study aims to assess metaphors expressed in Mandarin weather reports in Taiwan with the theory of conceptual metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The study was done via content analysis with the suggested upper concepts given by SUMO (Ahrens, et al, 2003; 2004) in order to classify them into different categories. A total number of 673 weather reports were collected from major online news websites in Taiwan. After analysing, it was found that language users definitely understand weather phenomenon via the features of human beings, attributes of different items, and some are even from abstract ideas. As a result, Taiwanese people comprehend metaphors in meteorological expressions through metaphors of personification, objectification, and abstraction.

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Utilizing Parent Report to Investigate Young Children's Fears: A Modification of the Fear Survey Schedule for Children–II: A Research Note

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1017/s0021963097001881 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 271-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Paula Bouldin ◽

Chris Pratt

Keyword(s):

Parent Report ◽

Research Note ◽

Fear Survey Schedule

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Experiences With and Lessons Learned From Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Support Program for Older Hearing Aid Users and Their Communication Partners in the Hearing Aid Dispensing Setting

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3S) ◽

pp. 638-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Janine F. J. Meijerink ◽

Marieke Pronk ◽

Sophia E. Kramer

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Critical Discussion ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Research Note ◽

Support Program ◽

Large Sample Size ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Communication Program ◽

Communication Partners

Purpose The SUpport PRogram (SUPR) study was carried out in the context of a private academic partnership and is the first study to evaluate the long-term effects of a communication program (SUPR) for older hearing aid users and their communication partners on a large scale in a hearing aid dispensing setting. The purpose of this research note is to reflect on the lessons that we learned during the different development, implementation, and evaluation phases of the SUPR project. Procedure This research note describes the procedures that were followed during the different phases of the SUPR project and provides a critical discussion to describe the strengths and weaknesses of the approach taken. Conclusion This research note might provide researchers and intervention developers with useful insights as to how aural rehabilitation interventions, such as the SUPR, can be developed by incorporating the needs of the different stakeholders, evaluated by using a robust research design (including a large sample size and a longer term follow-up assessment), and implemented widely by collaborating with a private partner (hearing aid dispensing practice chain).

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