Root growth and distribution in rice cultivars as affected by nitrogen and water supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Xiang GU ◽  
Liang TANG ◽  
Qi-Jun XU ◽  
Xiao-Jun LEI ◽  
Wei-Xing CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rice Cultivars

scholarly journals Aluminum effects on citric and malic acid excretion in roots and calli of rice cultivars

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
CRISTIANE ELIZABETH COSTA DE MACÊDO ◽  
JEAN MARIE KINET ◽  
STANLEY LUTTS
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
And Control

Citric and malic acid excretion in the medium and malic acid accumulation in seedling roots and embryo-derived calli as possible mechanisms of aluminum (Al) resistance and the effects of a 17-h Al stress period on root growth in Oryza sativa have been studied. Four-day-old seedlings and embryo-derived calli of Al-resistant (IRAT 112 and IR6023) and Al-sensitive (Aiwu and IKP) cultivars were treated with 250 and 500 µM {Al2(S04)3.18H20 }of total aluminum or without Al for 36 hours. After 3 to 36 hours of stress, seedlings and calli were removed from the flasks and concentration of citric and malic acids was estimated in the Al and control solutions. Malic acid was also assayed in roots tips and in callus tissues. After 17-h of Al stress, inhibition of root growth was a typical effect of Al in rice and the extent of the inhibition depended on both cultivar and Al concentration. At 500 µM of Al, strong reduction of root elongation occurred in all cultivars while at 250 µM of Al, only IRAT was unaffected, when compared to their control. In the absence of Al, all varieties excreted comparable amounts of citric and malic acid. Al treatments, were without effect upon citrate excretion in both Al-resistant and Al-sensitive cultivars. Al treatment, for periods from 3 to 24h, slightly stimulated the excretion of malic acid from seedlings, in all cultivars. Malic acid concentrations in root apices, in the presence or absence of aluminum, were not correlated with aluminum resistance. No differences in malic excretion and internal concentrations were detected between Al-treated and untreated rice calli of the same four cultivars. It is therefore concluded that, in our experimental conditions, differences in Al resistance in our rice cultivars cannot be attributed to citric and malic acids. Further research needs to be carried out to examine other possible mechanisms of Al-resistance in rice and to determine whether organic acids such as succinic and oxalic acid are implicated.

scholarly journals SELEKSI KETAHANAN BEBERAPA KULTIVAR PADI (Oryza sativa L.) LOKAL ASAL KALIMANTAN TIMUR TERHADAP CEKAMAN ALUMINIUM PADA FASE PERKECAMBAHAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Susylowati Susylowati ◽  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Relative Root Growth ◽  
Relative Root

Food security and sovereignty can be realized through the expansion of agricultural land to the marginal lands. One type of marginal land is acidie soils with high levels of aluminum (Al) toxicity. An efficient and environmentally friendly approach to utilizeng acidie soils as agricultural land is by using rice varieties which have a high tolerance to aluminum stress on acidie soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aluminum stress on the growth of the local rice from East Kalimantan and to select the tolerant cultivars against aluminum stress at the germination stage. The study was conducted for three months (May-July 2018), at Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda.  This study used a Split Plot Design with three replications. As the main plot was Aluminum stress concentration (A) consisting of 3 levels, namely 0, 250 and 500 ppm of AlCl3 and as subplots were 25 rice genotypes, consisting of 23 local rice cultivars from East Kalimantan (V) and two genotypes as tolerant (Mekongga) and sensitive (IR64) controls. Assessment of aluminum tolerance level was carried out by calculating plant sensitivity index values against aluminum stress based on the Relative Root Growth (RRG) and Relative Shoot Growth (SRG) parameters. Other plant growth parameter data, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, were analyzed using analysis of variance at the test level α = 0.05, and the post-hoch test using Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD). Aluminum stress caused disruption of the East Kalimantan local rice cultivars growth, especially root growth. Aluminum concentration at either 250 ppm or 500 ppm reduced relative root growth and further damage the root system of the rice plants causing roots stunted and thickened. Likewise with shoot growth parameter, there was a relative shoot growth decline due to the aluminum stress on the plants. Two local rice cultivars of East Kalimantan, Pulut Mayang and Pulut Linjuang, were consistently tolerant to aluminum stress either in 250 ppm or 500 ppm of AlCl3; while Kawit, Bentian, Mayas Putih and Ketan putih cultivars were only classified as tolerant at a concentration of 250 ppm aluminum. On the other hand, a control sensitive variety IR64 showed the susceptibility to 250 and 500 ppm aluminum stress.

EFFECTIVE SOIL VOLUME AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO ROOT AND TOP GROWTH OF PLANTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Root System ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Soil Volume ◽  
Individual Root

Root and top growth of clover, wheat, and sunflowers varied consistently and quantitatively with changing soil volumes.A definition for effective soil volume is given and discussed in terms of root growth and root densities. The postulate is made that in root systems above a certain density each individual root can interfere with the daily water supply of nearby roots and hence restrict the growth of the whole root system and plant. The theoretical geometric proportions of this interference are discussed. The importance of soil volume in experimental work is indicated.

scholarly journals Water supply and not nitrate concentration determines primary root growth in Arabidopsis

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1630-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICK CHAPMAN ◽  
W. RICHARD WHALLEY ◽  
KEITH LINDSEY ◽  
ANTHONY J. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Primary Root Growth

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM LEVELS ON ROOT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF UPLAND RICE CULTIVARS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO CARLOS DE ALMEIDA CARMEIS FILHO ◽  
◽  
CARLOS ALEXANDRE COSTA CRUSCIOL ◽  
ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE ◽  
MUNIR MAUAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
K Concentration

ABSTRACT Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for upland rice growth, but little information on the effects of K on root growth and nutrient uptake capacity of upland rice is found. Therefore, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the influence of soil K levels on root growth and nutrient uptake of four upland rice cultivars. A completely randomized experimental design, in a 4x4 factorial scheme (4 levels of K: 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg dm-3; 4 cultivars: Caiapó, BRS-Primavera, IAC-202, and Maravilha) was used, with four replications. Based on regression equations, the highest values of root length density would be found with 136 mg dm-3 of K. The root diameter and dry matter, shoot dry matter and shoot K concentration increased linearly with the increasing K rates. The shoot K concentration of the upland rice cultivars did not differ. The increased level of K in the soil reduced the shoot Ca concentration of intermediate and modern cultivars, and the shoot Mg concentration of all cultivars. The potassium fertilization increased the plant growth, but the magnitude of this effect varied according to the cultivar.

Interactions of boron-toxicity, drought, and genotypes on barley root growth, yield, and other agronomic characters

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Yau
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Biological Yield

In areas with high levels of soil boron, symptoms of boron (B) toxicity often appear under droughts. This greenhouse study examined the interactions of B-toxicity, drought, and genotypes on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root growth, B-toxicity symptoms, B concentrations of straw, and yield. Plants were grown in tubes 65 cm tall. Three factors were studied: B, water supply, and genotypes. There were 2 B levels, B0 v. B50, in the subsoil (20-60 cm). There were 4 levels of water supply: no drought (control), and early, mid-season, and terminal drought. Two barley lines were compared: Sahara (B-toxicity tolerant) and BOL (drought tolerant, B-toxicity sensitive). Significant B-by-drought interaction was detected in straw B concentration, root growth in subsoil, and straw and biological yield for BOL. Mean root growth in the 40–60-cm soil section was much higher under mid-season drought than under the control. At B50, plants under drought had 1-fold higher straw B concentrations and more B-toxicity symptoms than the control plants. This is the first study to provide data to explain the frequent association of B-toxicity symptoms with droughts in the field. The results clearly showed that tolerance to B-toxicity, as well as drought, is needed in dry areas having high levels of subsoil B.

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