scholarly journals Explaining Gold-Mining and Non-Gold Mining Areas' Inequalities in Learning Achievements in Burkina Faso's Primary Education: A Decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-33
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste M. B. Sanfo ◽  
Keiichi Ogawa

Research shows that learning achievements inequalities exist between students from gold mining areas and those from non-gold mining ones. However, there is no evidence on factors that explain this "new" geographic educational inequality. Exploiting the gold mining boom in Burkina Faso, this study employed re-centered influence function decomposition to explore students' background and school factors which explain these learning achievements inequalities and also estimate the proportion of inequalities explained by unmeasured factors. Findings suggest that, relative to student background factors, most of the learning achievements inequalities between the two types of areas are explained by school factors. Moreover, unmeasured educational factors explain a non-negligible proportion of the inequalities, higher for students on the lower and upper tails of the learning achievements distribution. Suggestions for policymakers are discussed based on the findings of the present study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Siqueira-Gay ◽  
Luis E. Sánchez

AbstractIncreased prices and political pressure are boosting illegal gold mining in the Brazilian Amazon, threatening forests, indigenous people, and conservation of biodiversity in protected areas. The rate of illegal mining deforestation increased more than 90% from 2017 to 2020, reaching 101.7 km2 annually in 2020 compared to 52.9 km2 annually in 2017. In that period, illegal mining deforestation rate grew more than the rate of clearing within mining leases. While formal mining is required to comply with environmental regulations, most small-scale or artisanal mining and especially illegal mining areas are abandoned after reserves are exhausted, without proper rehabilitation. Deforestation due to illegal mining is likely to increase in the next years, calling for coordination between local and regional policies as well as for strengthening and expanding international mechanisms to increase traceability of mineral supply chains with certification schemes to help to curb illegal mining.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Lana Apple ◽  
Mira Debs

PISA test data from 2000 to today have shown Germany’s education system is one of the most inequitable within the OECD, with high correlations between student background and achievement outcomes. Scholars have identified the highly differentiated school structure, which tracks students as young as 10 years old, as a central cause. This scholarship has not evaluated why German tracking has proved difficult to reform over the last 20 years, despite evidence of negative outcomes. Using a case study of parents’ actions in Hamburg, this paper employs a discourse analysis of debates surrounding a tracking reform to argue that opportunity hoarding—that is, parents with more social capital maintaining certain advantages through ingrained systems that are theoretically open to all—may contribute to why Germany’s early tracking system persists despite evidence showing that it increases educational inequality. The findings presented have implications for an international discussion of tracking reform and opportunity hoarding.


2006 ◽  
Vol 368 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuleica C. Castilhos ◽  
Saulo Rodrigues-Filho ◽  
Ana Paula C. Rodrigues ◽  
Roberto C. Villas-Bôas ◽  
Shefa Siegel ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 4924-4937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Samuel Olise ◽  
Samuel Adedigba Adeojo ◽  
Oyediran Kayode Owoade ◽  
Oyebamiji Oyedele Oketayo ◽  
Solomon Adeniyi Adekola ◽  
...  

1989 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang C. Pfeiffer ◽  
Luiz Drude de Lacerda ◽  
Olaf Malm ◽  
Cristina Maria M. Souza ◽  
Ene Gloria da Silveira ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Yusuf Rumbino ◽  
Fani Serangmo ◽  
Herry Zadrak Kotta ◽  
Woro Sundari ◽  
Ika Krisnasiwi ◽  
...  

Abstract   Exploitation of natural resources through unlicensed gold mining (PETI) is not in accordance with mining operational standards occurring along the Noeltoko River, West Miomaffo Subdistrict, Timor Tengah Utara Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province resulting in damage and environmental degradation. Changes and environmental damage include the formation of dug holes around the river flow, turbidity of water, changes in river flow. Other problems that arise are conflicts between these PETI workers and with other communities. This community service activity aims to provide an understanding to the community about the importance of maintaining and caring for rivers from excavation in the river walls that can cause debris / landslides explaining the impact of the use of hazardous materials such as mercury / mercury and cyanide, socialization of regulations regarding the formation of People's Mining Areas (WPR) ), introducing "sluice box" equipment to help the process of separating gold sand from sand. This activity was supported by the UPT ESDM Atambua Branch and was followed by 40 people who used to mine on the Noeltoko river. It is expected that the guidance and assistance can raise public awareness to be able to mine but still preserve the environment   Keyword: PETI, Noeltoko, WPR, sluicebox,   Abstrak   Eksploitasi sumber daya alam melalui Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI) tidak sesuai dengan standar operasional penambangan terjadi di sepanjang sungai Noeltoko-Kecamatan Miomaffo Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur yang mengakibatkan kerusakan dan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Perubahan dan kerusakan lingkungan tersebut diantaranya terbentuk lubang-lubang galian di sekitar aliran sungai, kekeruhan air, berubahnya aliran sungai.. Permasalahan lain yang timbul adalah konflik antar pekerja PETI ini maupun dengan masyarakat lain. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat mengenai pentingnya menjaga dan merawat sungai dari penggalian di dinding sungai yang dapat mengakibatkan runtuhan/longsoran menjelaskan dampak penggunaan bahan berbahaya seperti air raksa/merkuri dan sianida, sosialisasi peraturan tentang pembentukan Wilayah Pertambangan Rakyat (WPR), mengenalkan peralatan “sluice box” untuk membantu proses pemisahan buiran emas dari pasir.Kegiatan ini didukung oleh pihak UPT ESDM Cabang Atambua dan dikuti oleh 40 orang masyarakat yang biasa menambang di sungai Noeltoko. Diharapkan dengan adanya pembinaan dan pendampingan dapat menimbulkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk dapat menambang namun tetap menjaga kelestarian lingkungan   Kata kunci: PETI, Noeltoko, WPR, sluicebox


2018 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Rhee ◽  
Elias Charles Nyanza ◽  
Madison Condon ◽  
Joshua Fisher ◽  
Theresia Maduka ◽  
...  

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