scholarly journals Influence of Injection Moulding Parameters on Electrical Conductivity of Polypropylene-Graphite Composite Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-173
Author(s):  
Daniiel Serban
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
Inorganic Content

News on Green Energy and Green Hydrogen is spread on popular and academic media. When energy is obtained from sunlight, wind or water, we call it Green Energy. When hydrogen is obtained from electrolysis with Green Energy, we call it Green Hydrogen. Hydrogen Fuel Cells are electrochemical devices that convert hydrogen and oxygen s chemical energy into electricity and heat energy with high efficiency and contribute to the decarbonisation of the power supply. Bipolar plates, essential components of the fuel cells, made in polymer-carbon composites, are an economical alternative to the stainless steel, titan and graphite, traditional materials. Our experiments have used a polypropylene matrix filled with graphite with a total inorganic content of 87%, which contributes to high electrical and thermic conductivity but strongly influences the viscosity, flow, pressures, temperatures, and then challenging to process. Injection Moulding of thermoplastics is a technology widespread in all fields of activities and considerable potential. In this paper, the experiments design is highlighted in choosing the factors. A debate regarding the filling, packing, holding pressures, and the last decades approach and optimisation of injection moulding parameters with the Taguchi Method is presented. Conclusions on the injection moulding process of the bipolar plate made of a polypropylene-graphite composite, the parameters influence with direct effects on the fuel stack s performance are presented. The combined melt and mould temperatures influence most electrical conductivity by better contacting the electrically conductive particles through the polymer s melted layer. The injection pressure influences the mass and thickness of the product and the electrical conductivity by better packing. Furthermore, we suggest an adapted formula to predict the injection pressure considering the inorganic content and the process temperatures in agreement with the experiments.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells as Green Energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 769-795
Author(s):  
Padmavathi Rajangam
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Clean Energy Technology

To reduce reliance on fossil fuels and increase demands for clean energy technology worldwide, there is currently a growing interest in the use of fuel cells as energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly power generators. With this inevitable depletion, fossil fuels will not be able to respond to energy demand for future. Among all major types of fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) are in the forefront stage and have gained substantial attention for vehicle and portable applications, which is composed of a cathode, an anode, and a PEM. The heart of the fuel cells is membrane electrode assembly (MEA). An electro-deposition technique for preparing the nano-catalyst layer in PEMFCs has been designed, which may enable an increase in the level of Pt utilization currently achieved in these systems. Functionalization process has been done using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid in refluxing condition. The hydrocarbon-based polymer membrane has been used as electrolyte part.

scholarly journals Opportunities for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
A. A. Cheltybashev ◽  
Ia. M. Karachentseva
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Murmansk Region

THE PURPOSE. To analyze the perspectives for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region. To consider the possibility of implementing projects for producing "green" hydrogen for industrial using. METHODS. The method of analysis of literature sources in the field of hydrogen energy was used, as well as the method of generalizing the information obtained. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, studies the global trend towards the transition to "green" energy. The methods of producing hydrogen are considered. The most environmentally friendly and efficient method for the production of industrial hydrogen has been identified, and possible sources of its production have been considered. CONCLUSION. As a result of the analysis of the prospects for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region, the prerequisites for the production of "green" hydrogen on an industrial scale are revealed. Possible sources for its production are listed. The article provides an example of the implementation of a project to create an international scientific research station on the territory of the Murmansk region, where hydrogen fuel cells will be used.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells as Green Energy

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-323
Author(s):  
Padmavathi Rajangam
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Clean Energy Technology

To reduce reliance on fossil fuels and increase demands for clean energy technology worldwide, there is currently a growing interest in the use of fuel cells as energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly power generators. With this inevitable depletion, fossil fuels will not be able to respond to energy demand for future. Among all major types of fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) are in the forefront stage and have gained substantial attention for vehicle and portable applications, which is composed of a cathode, an anode, and a PEM. The heart of the fuel cells is membrane electrode assembly (MEA). An electro-deposition technique for preparing the nano-catalyst layer in PEMFCs has been designed, which may enable an increase in the level of Pt utilization currently achieved in these systems. Functionalization process has been done using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid in refluxing condition. The hydrocarbon-based polymer membrane has been used as electrolyte part.

Portable power source based on air-hydrogen fuel cells with free-breathing cathodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
S. A. Gurevich ◽  
E. I. Terukov ◽  
O. I. Kon’kov ◽  
A. A. Tomasov ◽  
N. K. Zelenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Portable Power

Trace CO elimination in H2-rich streams with wide operation temperature window: Co deposited CuO-CeO2 catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihuan Qiu ◽  
Xiaolin Guo ◽  
Jianxin Mao ◽  
Renxian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Temperature Window

This work provides a new strategy to eliminate the trace CO in H2-rich gas in a wide operation temperature window for the application of hydrogen fuel cells. We engineered Co...

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