Prostatic Specific Antigen Less then 10 ng/mL in the Diagnostic and Surveillance of Prostate Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-936
Author(s):  
Nicolae Grigore ◽  
Valentin Pirvut ◽  
Ionela Mihai ◽  
Adrian Hasegan ◽  
Sebastian Ioan Cernusca Mitariu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostatic Specific Antigen ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Risk Scale

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy after 60 years old. Today, the problem is to distinguish between low-risk and agrressive cancers, especially in patients with Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) less than 10 ng/ml The use of PSA as a biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer has the potential to improve the clinical management of the patients. PSA levels. together with clinical examination, prostate ultrasound and histopatological examination are esential for the diagnostic of PCa, risk assessment and therapeutic decisions. The aim of our study is to evaluate the patients with PSA values less then 10 ng/mL and to determine the correct indications for tratment depending on the risk scale of the disease. The inclusion criteria for the patients are described in the paper. For improving the early diagnosis of PCa in patients with PSA below 10 ng/mL we developed an algoritm based on current opportunities.

Emerging Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1951-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Sardana ◽  
Barry Dowell ◽  
Eleftherios P Diamandis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Formidable Challenge

Abstract Background: Early detection of prostate cancer (CaP), the most prevalent cancer and the second-leading cause of death in men, has proved difficult, and current detection methods are inadequate. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is a significant advance for early diagnosis of patients with CaP. Content: PSA is produced almost exclusively in the prostate, and abnormalities of this organ are frequently associated with increased serum concentrations. Because of PSA’s lack of specificity for CaP, however, many patients undergo unnecessary biopsies or treatments for benign or latent tumors, respectively. Thus, a more specific method of CaP detection is required to augment or replace screening with PSA. The focus recently has been on creating cost-effective assays for circulating protein biomarkers in the blood, but because of the heterogeneity of CaP, it has become clear that this effort will be a formidable challenge. Each marker will require proper validation to ensure clinical utility. Although much work has been done on variations of the PSA test (i.e., velocity, density, free vs bound, proisoforms) with limited usefulness, there are many emerging markers at various stages of development that show some promise for CaP diagnosis. These markers include kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (KLK2), early prostate cancer antigen (EPCA), PCA3, hepsin, prostate stem cell antigen, and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR). We review biomarkers under investigation for the early diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Summary: It is hoped that the use of panels of markers can improve CaP diagnosis and prognosis and help predict the therapeutic response in CaP patients.

The value of prostatic specific antigen density in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Deliveliotis ◽  
G. Louras ◽  
P. Kyriazis ◽  
A. Gyftopoulos ◽  
L. Louka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostatic Specific Antigen

The Role of Chromogranin A (CgA) in Monitoring Patients with Prostate Cancer Under Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Comparison with Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA)

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Athanasios Bantis ◽  
Petros Sountoulides ◽  
Athanasios Zissimopoulos ◽  
Christos Kalaitzis ◽  
Stilianos Giannakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Prostatic Specific Antigen

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers’ Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3373
Author(s):  
Milena Matuszczak ◽  
Jack A. Schalken ◽  
Maciej Salagierski
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. The current gold standard for diagnosing PCa relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsy indicated after detection changes in a digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood serum. PSA is a marker produced by prostate cells, not just cancer cells. Therefore, an elevated PSA level may be associated with other symptoms such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or inflammation of the prostate gland. Due to this marker’s low specificity, a common problem is overdiagnosis, which leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This is associated with various treatment complications (such as bleeding or infection) and generates unnecessary costs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the improvement of the current procedure by applying effective, sensitive and specific markers is an urgent need. Several non-invasive, cost-effective, high-accuracy liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers such as Progensa PCA3, MyProstateScore ExoDx, SelectMDx, PHI, 4K, Stockholm3 and ConfirmMDx have been developed in recent years. This article compares current knowledge about them and their potential application in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: focus on second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Saad ◽  
Martin Bögemann ◽  
Kazuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Neal Shore
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Consensus Statements

Abstract Background Nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is defined as a rising prostate-specific antigen concentration, despite castrate levels of testosterone with ongoing androgen-deprivation therapy or orchiectomy, and no detectable metastases by conventional imaging. Patients with nmCRPC progress to metastatic disease and are at risk of developing cancer-related symptoms and morbidity, eventually dying of their disease. While patients with nmCRPC are generally asymptomatic from their disease, they are often older and have chronic comorbidities that require long-term concomitant medication. Therefore, careful consideration of the benefit–risk profile of potential treatments is required. Methods In this review, we will discuss the rationale for early treatment of patients with nmCRPC to delay metastatic progression and prolong survival, as well as the factors influencing this treatment decision. We will focus on oral pharmacotherapy with the second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors, apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide, and the importance of balancing the clinical benefit they offer with potential adverse events and the consequential impact on quality of life, physical capacity, and cognitive function. Results and conclusions While the definition of nmCRPC is well established, the advent of next-generation imaging techniques capable of detecting hitherto undetectable oligometastatic disease in patients with nmCRPC has fostered debate on the criteria that inform the management of these patients. However, despite these developments, published consensus statements have maintained that the absence of metastases on conventional imaging suffices to guide such therapeutic decisions. In addition, the prolonged metastasis-free survival and recently reported positive overall survival outcomes of the three second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors have provided further evidence for the early use of these agents in patients with nmCRPC in order to delay metastases and prolong survival. Here, we discuss the benefit–risk profiles of apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide based on the data available from their pivotal clinical trials in patients with nmCRPC.

Cumulative Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment with the Aid of the Free-to-Total Prostate Specific Antigen Ratio

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Aus ◽  
Charlotte Becker ◽  
Stefan Franzén ◽  
Hans Lilja ◽  
Pär Lodding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Total Prostate Specific Antigen

Naujų prostatos specifinio antigeno izoformų reikšmė ankstyvajai prostatos vėžio diagnostikai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marija Barisienė
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen

Significance of new prostate-specific antigen isoforms for early diagnosis of prostate cancer

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