Antiviral activity of Herba Patrinea (a Chinese medicinal herb) against respiratory syncytial virus in vitro

Background It is known that breastfeeding protects the infant from enteric and respiratory infections; however, the antiviral properties of human milk against enteric and respiratory viruses are largely unexplored. Research aims To explore the antiviral activity of human preterm colostrum against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and to assess whether the derived extracellular vesicle contribute to this activity. Methods We used a cross-sectional, prospective two-group non-experimental design. Colostra were collected from mothers of preterm newborns ( N = 10) and extracellular vesicles were purified and characterized. The antiviral activity of colostra and derived extracellular vesicles were tested in vitro against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and the step of viral replication inhibited by extracellular vesicles was investigated. Results Each sample of colostrum and colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles had significant antiviral activity with a wide interpersonal variability. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated that extracellular vesicles acted by interfering with the early steps of the viral replicative cycle. Conclusion We demonstrated the intrinsic antiviral activity of human colostrum against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and we showed that extracellular vesicles substantially contribute to the overall protective effect. Our results contribute to unravelling novel mechanisms underlying the functional role of human milk as a protective and therapeutic agent in preterm infants.

Download Full-text

In vitro Antiviral Activity of Nauclea latifolia Root Bark Extract Against the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2018/39383 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Damian Odimegwu ◽

Charles Esimone

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Root Bark ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Nauclea Latifolia

Download Full-text

Antiviral activity of arbidol against influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus and adenovirus in vitro and in vivo

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-007-0974-5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 152 (8) ◽

pp. 1447-1455 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

L. Shi ◽

H. Xiong ◽

J. He ◽

H. Deng ◽

Q. Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Coxsackie Virus ◽

Syncytial Virus

Download Full-text

Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide-Mediated Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2020.580547 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Axberg Pålsson ◽

Aleksandra Dondalska ◽

Joseph Bergenstråhle ◽

Caroline Rolfes ◽

Albin Björk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Lung Epithelial Cells ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Single Stranded Oligonucleotide

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Currently, there is no RSV vaccine or universally accessible antiviral treatment available. Addressing the urgent need for new antiviral agents, we have investigated the capacity of a non-coding single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssON) to inhibit RSV infection. By utilizing a GFP-expressing RSV, we demonstrate that the ssON significantly reduced the proportion of RSV infected A549 cells (lung epithelial cells). Furthermore, we show that ssON’s antiviral activity was length dependent and that both RNA and DNA of this class of oligonucleotides have antiviral activity. We reveal that ssON inhibited RSV infection by competing with the virus for binding to the cellular receptor nucleolin in vitro. Additionally, using a recombinant RSV that expresses luciferase we show that ssON effectively blocked RSV infection in mice. Treatment with ssON in vivo resulted in the upregulation of RSV-induced interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) such as Stat1, Stat2, Cxcl10, and Ccl2. This study highlights the possibility of using oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents against RSV infection. We demonstrate that the mechanism of action of ssON is the inhibition of viral entry in vitro, likely through the binding of the receptor, nucleolin and that ssON treatment against RSV infection in vivo additionally results in the upregulation of ISGs.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Safety and Immune Efficacy of Recombinant Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Strain Long Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidates

Virologica Sinica ◽

10.1007/s12250-021-00345-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li-Nan Wang ◽

Xiang-Lei Peng ◽

Min Xu ◽

Yuan-Bo Zheng ◽

Yue-Ying Jiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Gene Deletion ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

T7 Promoter ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Syncytial Virus

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI), and no vaccine against LRTI has proven to be safe and effective in infants. Our study assessed attenuated recombinant RSVs as vaccine candidates to prevent RSV infection in mice. The constructed recombinant plasmids harbored (5′ to 3′) a T7 promoter, hammerhead ribozyme, RSV Long strain antigenomic cDNA with cold-passaged (cp) mutations or cp combined with temperature-sensitive attenuated mutations from the A2 strain (A2cpts) or further combined with SH gene deletion (A2cptsΔSH), HDV ribozyme (δ), and a T7 terminator. These vectors were subsequently co-transfected with four helper plasmids encoding N, P, L, and M2-1 viral proteins into BHK/T7-9 cells, and the recovered viruses were then passaged in Vero cells. The rescued recombinant RSVs (rRSVs) were named rRSV-Long/A2cp, rRSV-Long/A2cpts, and rRSV-Long/A2cptsΔSH, respectively, and stably passaged in vitro, without reversion to wild type (wt) at sites containing introduced mutations or deletion. Although rRSV-Long/A2cpts and rRSV-Long/A2cptsΔSH displayed temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype in vitro and in vivo, all rRSVs were significantly attenuated in vivo. Furthermore, BALB/c mice immunized with rRSVs produced Th1-biased immune response, resisted wtRSV infection, and were free from enhanced respiratory disease. We showed that the combination of ΔSH with attenuation (att) mutations of cpts contributed to improving att phenotype, efficacy, and gene stability of rRSV. By successfully introducing att mutations and SH gene deletion into the RSV Long parent and producing three rRSV strains, we have laid an important foundation for the development of RSV live attenuated vaccines.

Download Full-text

Inhibitory Effect of Sargassum fusiforme and Its Components on Replication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13040548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 548

Author(s):

Kiramage Chathuranga ◽

Asela Weerawardhana ◽

Niranjan Dodantenna ◽

Lakmal Ranathunga ◽

Won-Kyung Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Antiviral Agent ◽

Active Components ◽

Sargassum Fusiforme ◽

Antiviral Effects ◽

Improve Life Expectancy ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Syncytial Virus

Sargassum fusiforme, a plant used as a medicine and food, is regarded as a marine vegetable and health supplement to improve life expectancy. Here, we demonstrate that S. fusiforme extract (SFE) has antiviral effects against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro and in vivo mouse model. Treatment of HEp2 cells with a non-cytotoxic concentration of SFE significantly reduced RSV replication, RSV-induced cell death, RSV gene transcription, RSV protein synthesis, and syncytium formation. Moreover, oral inoculation of SFE significantly improved RSV clearance from the lungs of BALB/c mice. Interestingly, the phenolic compounds eicosane, docosane, and tetracosane were identified as active components of SFE. Treatment with a non-cytotoxic concentration of these three components elicited similar antiviral effects against RSV infection as SFE in vitro. Together, these results suggest that SFE and its potential components are a promising natural antiviral agent candidate against RSV infection.

Download Full-text