Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes are associated with hypertension (HT) but most of them are focusing on single locus effects. Here, we introduce an unbalanced function based on multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) for multiloci genotypes to detect high order gene-gene (SNP-SNP) interaction in unbalanced cases and controls of HT data. Eight SNPs of three RAS genes (angiotensinogen,AGT; angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE; angiotensin II type 1 receptor,AT1R) in HT and non-HT subjects were included that showed no significant genotype differences. In 2- to 6-locus models of the SNP-SNP interaction, the SNPs ofAGTandACEgenes were associated with hypertension (bootstrapping odds ratio [Boot-OR] = 1.972~3.785; 95%, confidence interval (CI) 1.26~6.21;P<0.005). In 7- and 8-locus model, SNP A1166C ofAT1Rgene is joined to improve the maximum Boot-OR values of 4.050 to 4.483; CI = 2.49 to 7.29;P<1.63E−08. In conclusion, the epistasis networks are identified by eight SNP-SNP interaction models.AGT,ACE, andAT1Rgenes have overall effects with susceptibility to hypertension, where the SNPs ofACEhave a mainly hypertension-associated effect and show an interacting effect to SNPs ofAGTandAT1Rgenes.
Development of co-selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in the viral promoter precedes the onset of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated neurocognitive impairment
