scholarly journals L2 Learners’ Strategic Mental Processes during a Listening Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Taguchi

This study offers some insights into second language learners’ strategic mental processes during a listening comprehension test. Fifty-four Japanese college students (26 males and 28 females) in an intensive English program took an English listening test and completed a strategy questionnaire immediately after the test. The questionnaire consisting of 42 Likert-scaled items and four openended questions addressed the students’ perceptions of listening strategies used for recovering from comprehension breakdown, compensating for comprehension, and reducing testing anxiety. The questionnaire also asked about the elements that caused comprehension difficulty for the students. The results of the Likert-scaled item section revealed a statistically significant difference between proficient and less proficient listeners in their perceived use of top-down strategies and reported elements of listening difficulty, but no difference in their use of repair, affective, or bottom-up strategies. Analyses of the open-ended responses showed that proficient listeners identified a greater range of strategies. 本研究では、集中英語課程に所属する日本人大学生54人(男子26人、 女子28人)が英語のリスニングテストを受け、そのあとすぐにリスニングス トラテジーに関するアンケートに記入した。アンケートは42のリカートスケ ールアイテムと4つの記述式アイテムから成り、学生がテストの最中効果的に 英語を聞き取るため、また、テスト不安を少なくするためにどのようなストラ テジーを使ったかを聞いた。また、アンケートは、どのような要素が聞き取り を困難にしたかについても聞いた。リカートスケールアイテムの分析の結果、 テストスコアの良い学生とその他の学生を比べて、トップダウンストラテジー の使い方とリスニングを困難にする要素に違いがあることが分かったが、リペ ア、アフェクテイブ、ボトム\アップストラテジーの使い方には違いは見られな かった。記述式アイテムの分析からは、テストスコアの良い学生はより幅の広 いストラテジーを使っていることが分かった。

Author(s):  
Marie Bejarano ◽  
Dan P. Dewey ◽  
Wendy Baker-Smemoe ◽  
Lynn E. Henrichsen ◽  
Timothy Hall

Abstract This study investigated the social networks developed by language learners during 14 weeks of an intensive English as a second language (ESL) program using the Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire (Dewey, Bown, Baker, Martinsen, Gold, & Eggett, 2014; Dewey, Bown, & Eggett, 2012). It also utilized native speaker judgments to evaluate ESL fluency development. Results showed that participants were successful in developing complex social networks, that their oral fluency increased significantly, and that fluency gains were related to L2 social networks. Density (average number of people in a social group) was the most important predictor of fluency gain when only social network variables were considered. In a hierarchical regression, initial proficiency level and percentage of native English speakers in one’s network were the most significant of the established variables in the first step, and overall network size and density were the most important of the added social network variables in the second step.


Author(s):  
Valerie L. Shafer ◽  
Sarah Kresh ◽  
Kikuyo Ito ◽  
Miwako Hisagi ◽  
Nancy Vidal ◽  
...  

Abstract This study investigated the influence of first language (L1) phoneme features and phonetic salience on discrimination of second language (L2) American English (AE) vowels. On a perceptual task, L2 adult learners of English with Spanish, Japanese or Russian as an L1 showed poorer discrimination of the spectral-only difference between /æ:/ as the oddball (deviant) among frequent /ɑ:/ stimuli compared to AE controls. The Spanish listeners showed a significant difference from the controls for the spectral-temporal contrast between /ɑ:/ and /ʌ/ for both perception and the neural Mismatch Negativity (MMN), but only for deviant /ɑ:/ versus /ʌ/ (duration decrement). For deviant /ʌ/ versus /ɑ:/, and for deviant /æ:/ versus /ʌ/ or /ɑ:/, all participants showed equivalent MMN amplitude. The asymmetrical pattern for /ɑ:/ and /ʌ/ suggested that L2 phonetic detail was maintained only for the deviant. These findings indicated that discrimination was more strongly influenced by L1 phonology than phonetic salience.


Author(s):  
Benjamin J. White ◽  
Sumeeta Patnaik

The purpose of this chapter is to share an assessment model built specifically upon teacher collaboration and, more broadly, to encourage readers to consider the power of collaboration within an intensive English program (IEP). After examining traditional assessment challenges faced by IEPs, the chapter presents a collaborative assessment model, the basic premise of which is that teachers of the same students across three core courses within the same IEP level work together to create a common midterm and final exam. The model is examined in light of the five assessment principles of validity, reliability, practicality, authenticity, and washback. Finally, benefits and challenges of teacher collaboration are considered from the perspective of program administrators.


2019 ◽  
pp. 136216881985645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Jung Lee ◽  
Yeu-Ting Liu ◽  
Wen-Ta Tseng

Existing research has established captions as effective second-language (L2) or foreign language (FL) listening comprehension aids. However, due to the transient nature of captions, not all learners are capable of attending to captions in all cases. Previous work posited that to leverage the impact of technologies in learning and instruction, a better understanding of the interplay between technology and cognition is warranted. In this vein, the current study set out to investigate the effects of four different caption modes (full vs. partial vs. real-time vs. control) on the listening comprehension of 95 high-intermediate Taiwanese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) with different caption reliance (i.e. more-caption-reliant vs. less-caption-reliant). The results showed no significant difference between the participants’ listening comprehension outcomes under the four caption conditions when their caption reliance was not considered. However, when this was considered, the differences among the four caption conditions became salient, which was suggestive of the selective effect of captions on L2 learners with different caption reliance. While less-caption-reliant L2 learners had the best listening comprehension outcome under the partial-caption condition and the worst under the full-caption condition, more-caption-reliant L2 learners exhibited the best performance under the full-caption condition yet the worst under the partial-caption condition. The finding underscores the importance of considering L2 learners’ processing profiles when utilizing captioned videos as multimodal instructional/learning materials and speaks to the need of utilizing differentiated video materials for optimal listening outcomes.


TESOL Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumru Akcan ◽  
Belgin Aydin ◽  
A. Cendel Karaman ◽  
Gölge Seferoğlu ◽  
Sibel Korkmazgil ◽  
...  

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