scholarly journals Normative data for semantically associated Spanish word lists that create false memories

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Anastasi ◽  
Alicia De Leon ◽  
Matthew G. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Spanish Word ◽  
Word Lists

Comparison of the Auditec and Rintelmann Recordings of the NU-6

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Frank ◽  
Chie H. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Test Word ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Word Discrimination ◽  
Noisy Background

Word discrimination scores were obtained for 30 normally hearing listeners using Auditec and Rintelmann recordings of the NU-6 presented at 60 and 70 dB SPL in quiet and in a background of multitalker noise at signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of +12, +6, 0, and -6 dB. This was done to obtain normative data and to determine whether these two recordings of the same word lists were equivalent at conversational levels in quiet and in a noisy background. The word discrimination scores for each recording in quiet and at each S/N ratio were not significantly different when presented at 60 and 70 dB SPL. However, the word discrimination scores were significantly poorer as the S/N ratio became more severe, and the scores obtained with the Auditec recording were significantly poorer than those obtained with the Rintelmann recording at each S/N ratio. These differences between word discrimination scores using the Auditec and Rintelmann recordings were primarily attributed to the recorded level of the test word and secondarily attributed to carrier phrase and talker differences.

AN INVESTIGATION OF FALSE MEMORIES IN ANXIOUS AND FEARFUL INDIVIDUALS

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Wenzel ◽  
Candice Jostad ◽  
Jennifer R. Brendle ◽  
F. Richard Ferraro ◽  
Chad M. Lystad
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Social Evaluative Threat ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Target Words

The present study applied the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory paradigm to examine whether anxious and fearful individuals exhibit higher recall and recognition rates of never presented threat words than nonanxious individuals. In Study 1, 39 spider fearful individuals, 28 blood fearful individuals, and 41 nonfearful individuals learned four word lists associated with unpresented target words: “spider”, “blood”, “river”, and “music”. Regardless of whether participants completed only a recognition task or a recall task and then a recognition task, there were no differences as a function of group in the degree to which they falsely remembered unpresented target threat words. In Study 2, 48 socially anxious and 51 nonanxious individuals learned four lists associated with social/evaluative threat unpresented target words and four lists associated with neutral unpresented target words. Similar to the findings from Study 1, groups did not differ in the degree to which they falsely remembered target words. These findings add to an increasingly large literature suggesting that anxious individuals are not characterized by a memory bias toward threat.

scholarly journals Testing pragmatic inferences: The impact of language and culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Paula Carneiro ◽  
Ana Lapa ◽  
Júlia Reis ◽  
Tânia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Pragmatic Implication ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractPragmatic inferences are one way to study false memories in real-world situations. We aimed to investigate variances in responses to pragmatic implication sentences between Portuguese and American data, presenting, for the first time, normative data of cued recall and recognition for pragmatic implication sentences in Portuguese. In Study 1 we analyzed cued-recall data for Portuguese pragmatic sentences. The proportions of cued- recall for correct and inference responses of each sentence did not significantly correlate with the values of American normative data. In Studies 2a and 2b we analysed forced-recognition data for pragmatic sentences, one with American participants and English sentences (Study 2a) and the other with Portuguese participants and Portuguese sentences (Study 2b). Moreover, two conditions of sentences presentations were applied to eventually detect an influence of the sentences’ format, which was not find in both studies. The levels of recognition for correct and inferences were very similar between those two studies but the correlation, sentence by sentence, was low. Together, these results suggest an important recommendation for further studies - normed material for a specific language/culture is a crucial factor to be considered when conducting research on pragmatic inferences.

scholarly journals Socially Induced False Memories in the Absence of Misinformation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ullrich Wagner ◽  
Gerald Echterhoff
Keyword(s):  
False Memories ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
First Time

Abstract Ample evidence shows that post-encoding misinformation from others can induce false memories. Here, we demonstrate in two experiments a new, tacit form of socially generated false memories, resulting from interpersonal co-monitoring at encoding without communication of misinformation. Pairs of participants jointly viewed semantically coherent word lists, presented successively in blue, green, or red letters. Each individual was instructed to memorize words presented in one of the colors. One color remained unassigned (control condition). Participants reported more false memories for non-presented words (lures) semantically related to partner-assigned than to control lists, although both list types were equally irrelevant to their own task. Notably, this effect also persisted for particularly rich memories. These findings show for the first time that social induction of false memories, even subjectively rich ones, does not necessarily require communication of deceptive information. This has important implications both theoretically and practically (e.g. in forensic contexts).

scholarly journals Normative data on the familiarity and difficulty of 196 Spanish word fragments

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Dasí ◽  
María José Soler ◽  
Juan Carlos Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Spanish Word

scholarly journals False Memory in Borderline Personality Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sajjadi ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Julien Gross ◽  
Harlene Hayne
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Significant Impairment

Abstract Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning, as well as patterns of personality pathology. Memory deficits are not recognized as a core symptom of BPD, but BPD patients have long been suspected to have inaccurate perceptions, disturbed memory processes, and an increased tendency to develop false memories. Methods: In the present study, we examined whether there was an association between BPD and the production of false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm—a laboratory-based procedure that is frequently used to investigate false memory. We also compared the traditional and alternative model of BPD with respect to false memory. A total of 298 university students completed the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder, SCID-II Personality Questionnaire, Borderline Personality Disorder Impairment Scale, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Beck Depression Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. The participants were also tested using both traditional DRM word lists as well as word lists that were specifically associated with BPD. Results: Using the traditional diagnosis of BPD, BPD symptoms were correlated with higher false memory for positive information; in the alternative model of BPD, identity impairment and anxiousness were correlated with the overall false memory score. We also found that trauma and dissociation mediated the relation between BPD and false memory. Conclusions: These findings are discussed in terms of how the consequences of trauma, such as dissociation and identity disturbance, are associated with false memory. Whether false memory rates are higher in a clinical population of patients with BPD remains to be determined.

Spanish Pediatric Picture Identification Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-328
Author(s):  
Lisa Lucks Mendel ◽  
Monique A. Pousson ◽  
Johnnie K. Bass ◽  
Jordan Alyse Coffelt ◽  
Melanie Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Spanish Word ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Intensity Functions ◽  
Picture Identification

Purpose The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a recorded word recognition test for monolingual Spanish-speaking children utilizing a picture board and a picture-pointing task. Design The Spanish Pediatric Picture Identification Test was developed and validated in this study. Test construction steps included (a) producing new digital recordings of word lists created by Comstock and Martin (1984) using a bilingual Spanish–English female, (b) obtaining list equivalency, (c) creating digitally illustrated pictures representing the word lists, (d) validating the pictures using monolingual Spanish-speaking and bilingual Spanish–English children, and (e) re-establishing list equivalency and obtaining performance–intensity functions using a picture-pointing task with monolingual Spanish-speaking children and bilingual Spanish–English adults. Results Normative data for three Spanish word recognition lists were established. Performance–intensity functions at sensation levels from 0 to 40 dB SL in 8-dB steps were obtained, establishing list equivalency for Lists 1, 2, and 3. Conclusions The Spanish Pediatric Picture Identification Test was developed and validated as a picture-pointing task for word recognition with monolingual Spanish-speaking children. The two validated channel recordings include an English translation for ease of testing by clinicians lacking Spanish language skills. Future validation will be conducted with bilingual Spanish–English children with normal hearing and with hearing loss.

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