Age differences in veridical and false recall are not inevitable: The role of frontal lobe function

Background: Evidence on youth suicides from Southeastern Europe is scarce. We are not aware of previous reports from Bosnia and Herzegovina, which experienced war from 1992 to 1995. Durkheim’s theory of suicide predicts decreased suicide rates in wartime and increased rates afterward. Aims: To compare child and adolescent suicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina before and after the war. Methods: Data on youth suicide for prewar (1986–90) and postwar (2002–06) periods were analyzed with respect to prevalence, sex and age differences, and suicide methods. Suicide data from 1991 through 2001 were not available. Results: Overall youth suicide rates were one-third lower in the postwar than in the prewar period. This effect was most pronounced for girls, whose postwar suicide rates almost halved, and for 15–19-year-old boys, whose rates decreased by about a one-fourth. Suicides increased among boys aged 14 or younger. Firearm suicides almost doubled proportionally and were the predominant postwar method, while the most common prewar method had been hanging. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicate the need for public education in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the role of firearm accessibility in youth suicide and for instructions on safe storage in households. Moreover, raising societal awareness about suicide risk factors and suicide prevention is needed.

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Supplemental Material for Adult Age Differences, Response Management, and Cue Focality in Event-Based Prospective Memory: A Meta-Analysis on the Role of Task Order Specificity

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/a0033653.supp ◽

2013 ◽

Keyword(s):

Prospective Memory ◽

Age Differences ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Age ◽

Task Order ◽

Adult Age Differences ◽

Cue Focality ◽

Event Based

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Age Differences in Learning About Nutrition: The Role of Motivation

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e505642008-001 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Soederberg Miller ◽

Tanja N. Gibson ◽

Jeannette De Dios ◽

Hana Chuong ◽

Helen Mirsaeidi

Keyword(s):

Age Differences

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I Know the Theme, So I Don't Say It': The Role of Identifiability on False Recall

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e512682013-315 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Paula Carneiro ◽

Ana Rita Dias ◽

Angel Fernandez

Keyword(s):

False Recall

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Differences in Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Patients with Episodic and Chronic Migraine

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2779

Author(s):

Sang-Hwa Lee ◽

Yeonkyeong Lee ◽

Minji Song ◽

Jae Jun Lee ◽

Jong-Hee Sohn

Keyword(s):

Chronic Migraine ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Medication Overuse Headache ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Episodic Migraine ◽

Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frontal Lobe Function

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological investigations have indicated that migraineurs exhibit frontal lobe-related cognitive impairment. We investigated whether orbitofrontal and dorsolateral functioning differed between individuals with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), focusing on orbitofrontal dysfunction because it is implicated in migraine chronification and medication overuse headache (MOH) in migraineurs. This cross-sectional study recruited women with CM with/without MOH (CM + MOH, CM − MOH), EM, and control participants who were matched in terms of age and education. We conducted neuropsychological assessments of frontal lobe function via the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We enrolled 36 CM (19 CM + MOH, 17 CM–MOH), 30 EM, and 30 control participants. The CM patients performed significantly (p < 0.01) worse on the TMT A and B than the EM patients and the control participants. The WCST also revealed significant differences, with poorer performance in the CM patients versus the EM patients and the control participants. However, the net scores on the IGT did not significantly differ among the three groups. Our findings suggest that the CM patients exhibited frontal lobe dysfunction, and, particularly, dorsolateral dysfunction. However, we found no differences in frontal lobe function according to the presence or absence of MOH.

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Wisdom-related knowledge in a life review task: Age differences and the role of professional specialization.

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/0882-7974.7.2.271 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 271-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

U. M. Staudinger ◽

J. Smith ◽

P. B. Baltes

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Life Review

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AGE DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT: ROLE OF SELF-RELEVANCE

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2889 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S785-S785

Author(s):

Tze Kiu Wong ◽

Helene H Fung

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Collective Action ◽

Older People ◽

Age Differences ◽

Political Behavior ◽

Social Issues ◽

Political Engagement ◽

Political Discussion ◽

Younger Adults

Abstract Previous studies usually found that older people are less politically engaged than younger adults, especially when considering political behavior other than voting. The current study extends the Selective Engagement hypothesis (Hess, 2014) to political engagement. 81 younger adults and 79 older adults rated 8 issues on self-relevance and their willingness to engage in political discussion, arguments and collective action on each issue. The predicted moderating effect of self-relevance was not found, but older people indeed are more willing to discuss (B = 0.07, p = 0.027) and argue with others on more self-relevant issues (B = 0.06, p = 0.031). Perceived cost of collective action was found to be a moderator, such that self-relevance was less important than other factors for high-cost actions (B = -0.016, p = 0.013). The current research sheds light on potential ways to increase older adults’ engagement in social issues.

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