scholarly journals Spatial attention and conscious perception: the role of endogenous and exogenous orienting

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. Chica ◽  
Stefano Lasaponara ◽  
Lorena Chanes ◽  
Antoni Valero-Cabré ◽  
Fabrizio Doricchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Exogenous Orienting

Chemo- and Optogenetic Strategies for the Elucidation of Pain Pathways

2019 ◽  
pp. 816-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha R. A. Alles ◽  
Anne-Marie Malfait ◽  
Richard J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nociceptive Pathways ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
The Brain

Pain is not a simple phenomenon and, beyond its conscious perception, involves circuitry that allows the brain to provide an affective context for nociception, which can influence mood and memory. In the past decade, neurobiological techniques have been developed that allow investigators to elucidate the importance of particular groups of neurons in different aspects of the pain response, something that may have important translational implications for the development of novel therapies. Chemo- and optogenetics represent two of the most important technical advances of recent times for gaining understanding of physiological circuitry underlying complex behaviors. The use of these techniques for teasing out the role of neurons and glia in nociceptive pathways is a rapidly growing area of research. The major findings of studies focused on understanding circuitry involved in different aspects of nociception and pain are highlighted in this article. In addition, attention is drawn to the possibility of modification of chemo- and optogenetic techniques for use as potential therapies for treatment of chronic pain disorders in human patients.

scholarly journals A unique role of endogenous visual-spatial attention in rapid processing of multiple targets.

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Guzman-Martinez ◽  
Marcia Grabowecky ◽  
German Palafox ◽  
Satoru Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Multiple Targets ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Rapid Processing

scholarly journals Anatomy and physiology of phrenic afferent neurons

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 2975-2990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayakrishnan Nair ◽  
Kristi A. Streeter ◽  
Sara M. F. Turner ◽  
Michael D. Sunshine ◽  
Donald C. Bolser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Respiratory Cycle ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Sensory Afferents ◽  
Synaptic Contacts ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology

Large-diameter myelinated phrenic afferents discharge in phase with diaphragm contraction, and smaller diameter fibers discharge across the respiratory cycle. In this article, we review the phrenic afferent literature and highlight areas in need of further study. We conclude that 1) activation of both myelinated and nonmyelinated phrenic sensory afferents can influence respiratory motor output on a breath-by-breath basis; 2) the relative impact of phrenic afferents substantially increases with diaphragm work and fatigue; 3) activation of phrenic afferents has a powerful impact on sympathetic motor outflow, and 4) phrenic afferents contribute to diaphragm somatosensation and the conscious perception of breathing. Much remains to be learned regarding the spinal and supraspinal distribution and synaptic contacts of myelinated and nonmyelinated phrenic afferents. Similarly, very little is known regarding the potential role of phrenic afferent neurons in triggering or modulating expression of respiratory neuroplasticity.

The role of different cues in the brain mechanism on visual spatial attention

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050
Author(s):  
Song Weiqun ◽  
Lou Yuejia ◽  
Chi Song ◽  
Ji Xunming ◽  
Ling Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Brain Mechanism ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals A roadmap for the study of conscious audition and its neural basis

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1714) ◽  
pp. 20160103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Dykstra ◽  
Peter A. Cariani ◽  
Alexander Gutschalk
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Auditory Scenes ◽  
Shed Light

How and which aspects of neural activity give rise to subjective perceptual experience—i.e. conscious perception—is a fundamental question of neuroscience. To date, the vast majority of work concerning this question has come from vision, raising the issue of generalizability of prominent resulting theories. However, recent work has begun to shed light on the neural processes subserving conscious perception in other modalities, particularly audition. Here, we outline a roadmap for the future study of conscious auditory perception and its neural basis, paying particular attention to how conscious perception emerges (and of which elements or groups of elements) in complex auditory scenes. We begin by discussing the functional role of the auditory system, particularly as it pertains to conscious perception. Next, we ask: what are the phenomena that need to be explained by a theory of conscious auditory perception? After surveying the available literature for candidate neural correlates, we end by considering the implications that such results have for a general theory of conscious perception as well as prominent outstanding questions and what approaches/techniques can best be used to address them. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Auditory and visual scene analysis’.

Spatial attention deficits in humans: The critical role of superior compared to inferior parietal lesions

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik Vandenberghe ◽  
Pascal Molenberghs ◽  
Céline R. Gillebert
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Attention Deficits

scholarly journals The role of response in spatial attention: direct versus indirect stimulus–response mappings

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (24) ◽  
pp. 2693-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Khatoon ◽  
Kevin A. Briand ◽  
Anne B. Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Stimulus Response

scholarly journals The Temporal Dynamics of Object Processing in Visual Cortex during the Transition from Distributed to Focused Spatial Attention

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 4094-4105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Te Wu ◽  
Melissa E. Libertus ◽  
Karen L. Meyerhoff ◽  
Marty G. Woldorff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity

Several major cognitive neuroscience models have posited that focal spatial attention is required to integrate different features of an object to form a coherent perception of it within a complex visual scene. Although many behavioral studies have supported this view, some have suggested that complex perceptual discrimination can be performed even with substantially reduced focal spatial attention, calling into question the complexity of object representation that can be achieved without focused spatial attention. In the present study, we took a cognitive neuroscience approach to this problem by recording cognition-related brain activity both to help resolve the questions about the role of focal spatial attention in object categorization processes and to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms, focusing particularly on the temporal cascade of these attentional and perceptual processes in visual cortex. More specifically, we recorded electrical brain activity in humans engaged in a specially designed cued visual search paradigm to probe the object-related visual processing before and during the transition from distributed to focal spatial attention. The onset times of the color popout cueing information, indicating where within an object array the subject was to shift attention, was parametrically varied relative to the presentation of the array (i.e., either occurring simultaneously or being delayed by 50 or 100 msec). The electrophysiological results demonstrate that some levels of object-specific representation can be formed in parallel for multiple items across the visual field under spatially distributed attention, before focal spatial attention is allocated to any of them. The object discrimination process appears to be subsequently amplified as soon as focal spatial attention is directed to a specific location and object. This set of novel neurophysiological findings thus provides important new insights on fundamental issues that have been long-debated in cognitive neuroscience concerning both object-related processing and the role of attention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document