Unifying Phonotactics and Derived Environment Blocking through Prosodic Constraint Indexation

<p>This paper presents a theory of prosodic constraint indexation that derives the blocking of markedness-reducing processes at prosodic and morphological junctures. The principle claim is that markedness constraints are indexed to prosodic categories, and are violated only when a marked structure is fully contained within the span of the indexed constituent. The interaction of prosodically-indexed constraints with faithfulness constraints accounts for both<strong> </strong>static phonotactic restrictions and derived environment blocking effects. Furthermore, they account for domain restrictions that can not be derived by CrispEdge constraints, which reference only prosodic edges. Where Strict Layering is violated, prosodic constraint indexation correctly predicts that more marked segment sequences can be admitted in extraprosodic affixes than in root morphemes.</p>

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Evidence for Morphoprosodic Alignment in Reduplication

Linguistic Inquiry ◽

10.1162/ling.2008.39.4.589 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 589-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Theoretic Model ◽

General Constraints ◽

Indexed Constraints ◽

Prosodic Categories ◽

Constraint Hierarchies

Morphoprosodic Alignment (MPA) is a nontemplatic model of reduplication designed to account for languages with multiple reduplicative subpatterns. The premise of MPA is that reduplicative morphemes can be stem-internal or stem-external and that this distinction is visible to the phonological component through general constraints on the association of stem-internal and stem-external morphemes to prosodic categories. I illustrate the model with Moronene, Klamath, and Gooniyandi, each of which has several reduplicative morphemes. MPA meets the challenge for an optimality-theoretic model to account for such systems without resorting to morpheme-specific indexed constraints or cophonological constraint hierarchies.

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Nociceptive and proprioceptive blocking effects of an experimental preparation of encapsulated lidocaine, compared with conventional lidocaine, in sheep

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia ◽

10.1016/j.vaa.2020.07.022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 855.e8

Author(s):

E. Militana ◽

L. Campoy ◽

M. Martin-Flores ◽

R. Gleed

Keyword(s):

Blocking Effects ◽

Experimental Preparation

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536 Different beta-blocking effects of metoprolol, bisoprolol and carvedilol

European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-4215(07)60342-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 122-122

Author(s):

G STOSCHITZKY ◽

R MAIER ◽

P LERCHER ◽

H BRUSSEE ◽

R ZWEIKER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blocking Effects ◽

Beta Blocking

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Blocking Effects on Interval Timing in Pigeons

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e597872013-012 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Neil McMillan ◽

William A. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Interval Timing ◽

Blocking Effects

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A Time to Throw Away Stones: Qohelet’s Enigmatic Reference to Stones as a Hinge for the Themes of War and Peace in the Time Poem

Journal for the Study of the Old Testament ◽

10.1177/0309089220950351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 320-335

Author(s):

Kyle C. Dunham

Keyword(s):

Sexual Intercourse ◽

War And Peace ◽

Similar Theme ◽

The Military ◽

Consistent Approach ◽

Marked Structure

The time poem in Eccl 3.1–8 reflects a marked structure and progression of themes. These connections suggest that the initial lines of vv. 2, 5, and 8 open their respective stanzas by focusing on a similar theme: war and peace. This thread clarifies the meaning of Qohelet’s enigmatic throwing and gathering stones, activities for which no fewer than nine interpretations have been suggested. While interpreters have favored a reference to sexual intercourse, this view is unlikely. I contend that a preferable solution modifies an earlier interpretation relating the throwing and gathering of stones to acts of wartime and peacetime. The throwing away of stones relates to the demobilization of the military, while the gathering of stones relates to the mobilization for war (1 Sam 17.40; 2 Chron 26.14–15). This interpretation offers a more consistent approach to the themes of war and peace developed in the poem’s stanzas.

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Quantitative Evaluations of Hydrogen Diffusivity in V-X (X = Cr, Al, Pd) Alloy Membranes Based on Hydrogen Chemical Potential

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11010067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Asuka Suzuki ◽

Hiroshi Yukawa

Keyword(s):

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Chemical Potential ◽

Hydrogen Permeability ◽

First Principle ◽

Hydrogen Diffusivity ◽

Hydrogen Atoms ◽

First Principle Calculations ◽

Blocking Effects ◽

Pd Alloy ◽

Quantitative Evaluations

Vanadium (V) has higher hydrogen permeability than Pd-based alloy membranes but exhibits poor resistance to hydrogen-induced embrittlement. The alloy elements are added to reduce hydrogen solubility and prevent hydrogen-induced embrittlement. To enhance hydrogen permeability, the alloy elements which improve hydrogen diffusivity in V are more suitable. In the present study, hydrogen diffusivity in V-Cr, V-Al, and V-Pd alloy membranes was investigated in view of the hydrogen chemical potential and compared with the previously reported results of V-Fe alloy membranes. The additions of Cr and Fe to V improved the mobility of hydrogen atoms. In contrast, those of Al and Pd decreased hydrogen diffusivity. The first principle calculations revealed that the hydrogen atoms cannot occupy the first-nearest neighbor T sites (T1 sites) of Al and Pd in the V crystal lattice. These blocking effects will be a dominant contributor to decreasing hydrogen diffusivity by the additions of Al and Pd. For V-based alloy membranes, Fe and Cr are more suitable alloy elements compared with Al and Pd in view of hydrogen diffusivity.

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Recursion and the Definition of Universal Prosodic Categories

Languages ◽

10.3390/languages6030125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Lisa Lai-Shen Cheng ◽

Laura J. Downing

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

High Ranking ◽

Syntactic Theory ◽

Current Controversy ◽

Syntactic Representation ◽

Definition Of ◽

Prosodic Categories ◽

Phonological Phrase

It is widely agreed that prosodic constituents should mirror syntactic constituents (unless high-ranking prosodic constraints interfere). Because recursion is a feature of syntactic representations, one expects recursion in prosodic representations as well. However, it is of current controversy what kinds of syntactic representation motivate prosodic recursion. In this paper, the use of Phonological Phrase recursion is reviewed in several case studies, chosen because prosodic recursion mostly does not reflect syntactic recursion as defined in current syntactic theory. We provide reanalyses that do not appeal to prosodic recursion (unless syntactically motivated), showing that Phonological Phrase recursion is not necessary to capture the relevant generalizations. The more restrictive use of prosodic recursion we argue for has the following conceptual advantages. It allows for more consistent cross-linguistic generalizations about the syntax–prosody mapping so that prosodic representations more closely reflect syntactic ones. It allows the fundamental syntactic distinctions between clause (and other phases) and phrase to be reflected in the prosodic representation, and it allows cross-linguistic generalizations to be made about the prosodic domain of intonational processes, such as downstep and continuation rise.

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