scholarly journals Exhaustifying Focus Intervention Effects: A Crosslinguistic Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Adjunct Questions ◽  
Focus Intervention ◽  
Exhaustive Interpretation

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:This paper describes, from a crosslinguistic perspective, the empirical pattern of focus phrases interacting with wh-in-situ arguments in their scope, and provides a preliminary theoretical analysis of the pattern. I cite examples from genetically unrelated languages to show that, contrary to Kim’s (2002, 2005) claim, not all focus phrases (FPs) trigger intervention effects (IEs). To control for any potential asymmetry between wh-arguments and wh-adjuncts, in my discussion of focus-included IE, I exclude wh-adjunct questions from consideration. I will show that whether an FP is an intervener for wh-in-situ argument questions depends on whether the FP receives an exhaustive interpretation or not. 

In situ multiphase fluidization ("upflow washing") for the remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated sands

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K Niven ◽  
Nasser Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
In Situ Remediation ◽  
Pump And Treat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Regime Map

A new in situ remediation method is described, "upflow washing," in which contaminants are flushed to the surface within an in situ fluidized zone produced by a jet inserted into a granular formation. The suitability of the method for LNAPL (light non-aqueous phase liquid) remediation is examined by experiments on diesel-contaminated soils within column and tank settings. The experiments indicate significant reductions in diesel levels (96-99.9%) may be achieved by fluidization with water and gas (gas-liquid upflow washing, GLUW) for a wide range of initial diesel concentrations (10 000 to 150 000 mg/kg) and for soil fines contents of 0 to at least 10%. Final diesel levels of <1000 mg/kg in a uniform fine sand and <200 mg/kg in clayey sands can be achieved. The efficiency is much higher than that of fixed bed flushing (simulated pump-and-treat), as the method overcomes the trapping of NAPL ganglia. Fludization with water alone (liquid upflow washing, LUW) is less effective than fixed bed flushing in the uniform sand, but approaches that of GLUW in clayey and silty sands. The results are explained by theoretical analysis of the removability of isolated NAPL droplets and mixed solid - NAPL particles from a fluidized bed due to buoyancy and elutriation, which may be represented using a "removability regime map" for the diesel-water-sand system.Key words: fluidization, in situ, remediation, NAPL, diesel.

Dissociating intervention effects from superiority in English wh-questions

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Kotek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Natural Language Semantics ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Language Semantics ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Quantifier Raising ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract In wh-questions, intervention effects are detected whenever certain elements – focus-sensitive operators, negative elements, and quantifiers – c-command an in-situ wh-word. Pesetsky (2000, Phrasal movement and its kin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) presents a comprehensive study of intervention effects in English multiple wh-questions, arguing that intervention correlates with superiority: superiority-violating questions are subject to intervention effects, while superiority-obeying questions are immune from such effects. This description has been adopted as an explanandum in most recent work on intervention, such as Beck (2006, Intervention effects follow from focus interpretation. Natural Language Semantics 14. 1–56) and Cable (2010, The Grammar of Q: Q-particles, wh-movement, and pied-piping. Oxford University Press), a.o. In this paper, I show instead that intervention effects in English questions correlate with the available LF positions for wh-in-situ and the intervener, but not with superiority. The grammar allows for several different ways of repairing intervention configurations, including wh-movement, scrambling, Quantifier Raising, and reconstruction. Intervention effects are observed when none of these repair strategies are applicable, and there is no way of avoiding the intervention configuration – regardless of superiority. Nonetheless, I show that these results are consistent with the syntax proposed for English questions in Pesetsky (2000, Phrasal movement and its kin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) and with the semantic theory of intervention effects in Beck (2006, Intervention effects follow from focus interpretation. Natural Language Semantics 14. 1–56).

Buckling Evolution of Microelectromechanical Structures

1998 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Tong-Yi Zhang ◽  
Yitshak Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Mode Iii ◽  
Sacrificial Layers

AbstractThis study reports in-situ observations of the buckling evolution of microelectromechanical structures during etching of their underneath sacrificial layers. As the etching went on, the buckling pattern evolved from mode I, the sinusoidal half-waves, to mode II, the constrained sinusoidal half-waves, to mode III, the conventional mode, and finally to mode IV, the blister- like local buckling. Closed formulae were derived from theoretical analysis, and the experimental results agreed well with the theoretical ones.

Theoretical analysis of a method for in situ decontamination of soil containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Dougherty ◽  
Arnold L. McPeters ◽  
Michael R. Overcash ◽  
Ruben G. Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin

Theoretical Analysis for Quantitative Evaluation of In-Situ Nanoparticle Measurement Probability

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 9554-9559
Author(s):  
Jihun Mun ◽  
Dongbin Kim ◽  
Yong-Hyeon Shin ◽  
Sang-Woo Kang ◽  
Taesung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation

scholarly journals Draft prediction models for soil engaging tines in two soils of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio L. T. Machado ◽  
Carlos R. Trein
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Best Fitting

The draft forces of soil engaging tines and theoretical analysis compared to existing mathematical models, have yet not been studied in Rio Grande do Sul soils. From the existing models, those which can get the closest fitting draft forces to real measure on field have been established for two of Rio Grande do Sul soils. An Albaqualf and a Paleudult were evaluated. From the studied models, those suggested by Reece, so called "Universal Earthmoving Equation", Hettiaratchi and Reece, and Godwin and Spoor were the best fitting ones, comparing the calculated results with those measured "in situ". Allowing for the less complexity of Reece's model, it is suggested that this model should be used for modeling draft forces prediction for narrow tines in Albaqualf and Paleudut.

The Settlement Analysis and Reinforcement of a Cast-In Situ Concrete Floor

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5523-5526
Author(s):  
Hua Wei Zhao ◽  
Hong Ping Zhu ◽  
Ya Hong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Maximum Settlement ◽  
Concrete Floor ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Maximum Crack ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Settlement Analysis

After form a removal concrete cross ribbed beam floor in a commercial plaza, the vertical cracks are discovered, and the settlement analysis and reinforcement of a Cast-in-situ concrete floor are performed. The detection of the maximum crack is 0.3mm,and the Maximum settlement of cross ribbed beam is 48mm. By theoretical analysis, improper form removal during construction stage makes the actual floor force inconsistent with the design of a load transfer, which is the main reason of the excessive settlement in the cross ribbed beam. Through the economy, ease of handling in construction and other aspects of comparative analyses, the close beam side by epoxy grout and paste the carbon fiber under the beam to reinforce the cross ribbed beam. After reinforcement, no defect is discovered in the project so far.

Preload Effects of a Guide Bearing on the Metal Temperature and the Shaft Vibration

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Cheon Ha
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Metal Temperature ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Pump Turbine ◽  
Rotating Machine ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Bearing Stiffness ◽  
Shaft Vibration ◽  
Very High

Segment type vertical guide bearings are widely used for vertical rotating machinery; nevertheless, bearing problems, such as excessive vibration and temperature rise, frequently take place in the actual rotating machine. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the influence of preload effects of a segment type vertical guide bearing on the bearing metal temperature and the shaft vibration, in a hydraulic pump-turbine. Investigations have been performed not only by in-situ measurement but also by theoretical analysis. A guide bearing consists of eight pads and runs bi-directionally. Both the shaft vibration and the bearing metal temperature are very high in the non-preloaded bearing but are slight in the preloaded bearing, comparatively. Bearing metal temperature is decreased by the increase of cooling effect of the lubricant due to the preload effect. Shaft vibration is also decreased by the increase of bearing stiffness. Theoretical analysis shows that the segment type vertical guide bearing has an optimum preload ratio at which the bearing stiffness reaches a maximum value while the bearing metal temperature is minimized. Furthermore, it is found that the characteristics of shaft vibration of a Francis type hydraulic pump-turbine highly depend on the generating power.

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