Learners’ reading between the signs in the English second language classroom

Background: In South Africa, developing criticality among learners is essential for their careers in school and outside school. However, knowledge and understanding of critical literacy within the schooling context is unclear, with only patchy guidance available for teachers.Objectives: An intervention project was set up to discover how community signs could be used as a pedagogical tool for teaching learners to be critical readers. The focus of the study was teaching English second language learners to use language as an instrument for creative and critical thinking.Method: In this ‘study within a study’, the learners’ role has been elevated to that of researchers. As ‘researchers’, the learners collected community signs from around their township and conducted interviews with community members. They analysed the signs and interview transcripts using Fairclough’s method of critical discourse analysis. The social semantic theory was used to anchor this study.Results: The first attempt at being critical readers was the categorisation of data. Three categories that formed broad themes were observed. The learners’ responses gave insight into their own ‘processes’ of reception and processes of production of the signs. The results suggest learners developing an ability to read signs as instantiations of township discourses.Conclusion: Teaching critical literacy awareness can be achieved when teachers use texts drawn from familiar contexts. The study contributes to knowledge on how unconventional texts can be used in the classroom to develop criticality among learners.

shift of lexicon in traditional technology system in Tolaki community at Konawe district of Southeast Sulawesi

This research discusses the lexicon used for traditional technology systems in the Tolaki community. Lexicon is a language component containing all information about the meaning and usage of words; the richness of words a language has. Lexicon runs into a shift due to certain factors such as changes in norms, culture, and environment caused by the development of science and technology. This research aims to analyze the level of shift and change in the meaning of the lexicon for traditional technology systems in the Tolaki community in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The method is qualitative descriptive. The data are taken from written sources, literature studies, by examining and recording some lexicons from the book “Tolaki Culture” by Abdurrauf Tarimana related to the lexicon in the traditional technology system of the Tolaki community. The validation of the data is then substantiated by questionnaire distribution in which the informants fill in lexicon data about agricultural technology systems and imply them in Tolaki language. The theory used is the lexical-semantic theory proposed by Pateda. The results showed that the lexicon for the Tolaki agricultural technology system is extinct and there is a shift in the lexicon.

Semantic study of the use of association, ambiguity, and lexical meanings, daily news headlines of Sinar Indonesia Baru Medan

This research was field research taken from the Daily News Sinar Indonesia Baru, Medan. The problems to be discussed were association, ambiguity, and lexical meaning. The purpose of this study was to explore or find out the meanings contained in the Daily News headlines in the Sinar Indonesia Baru Medan. To analyze the meaning of the Daily News headlines of the Sinar Indonesia Baru, a structural-semantic theory was used which referred to Abdul Chaer's view. The method used in data collection was the listening method by listening to the collection of existing materials on the daily news headlines of the Medan Sinar Indonesia Baru, then proceeding with the note-taking technique.After that, they were grouped based on the uses of association, ambiguity, and lexical meanings found in the headlines. The equivalent method was a method whose determination tool was outside and did not become part of the language in question (Sudariyanto, 1993:13). In this case, the basic technique used was the determining element sorting technique. As a continuation, a qualitative description method was used. This means that this qualitative method as a whole makes use of interpretive ways of presenting in the form of a description.

TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF DALAM FILM ANIMASI UPIN DAN IPIN SIARAN TELEVISI SWASTA MNCTV (KAJIAN PRAGMATIK)

The problem to be discussed in this research is how the expressive speech acts in the animated film Upin and Ipin are broadcast on MNCTV private television. Pragmatics is the study of all aspects of meaning that have been covered in semantic theory, or in other words: discussing all aspects of the meaning of speech that cannot be explained completely by direct reference to the conditions of truth of the sentence spoken. Speech acts are actions that are displayed through utterances to convey one's intentions and goals to others in life situations. Expressive is a type of speech act that states something the speaker feels. Animated films are films that are the result of processing hand drawings, so that they become moving images. Animated films are basically based on fantasy stories. While the source of data in the research is the animated film Upin and Ipin. This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. After the researchers conducted research and grouped the results of the research data based on expressive speech acts, the researchers obtained 27 data. The speech act of thanking found 5 data, apologizing found 4 data, congratulating found 3 data, praising found 5 data, complaining found 6 data, and blaming found 4 data. The conclusion in this study is that expressive speech acts in the form of complaining are the most commonly found in the animated film Upin and Ipin.

Cultural Norm Configurations in Acehnese Lullaby

This study is aimed to provide an overview of the cultural reality of lullaby, doda idi from Acehnese family habit. This study describes the cultural norms and values configuration viewed from an ethno-pragmatic perspective and the local wisdom identified from the discourse. This study presents the cultural script approach. This approach is a descriptive technique that has grown out of the cross-cultural semantic theory proposed. The cultural discourse analysis of norms and values on natural semantic meta-language theory. It is considering that cultural norms and values constituted rules and regulations in social communication interaction practices. This lullaby linked to particular ways of speaking in the family's private domain, in this case, from mother and her child. Generally speaking, most cross-cultural communication styles assume that within a particular speech community, there are certain shared understandings about how it is appropriate to speak in a particular and cultural situation. A certain methodological technique is adopted to describe speech patterns and identify the relevant cultural values of this speech pattern. The proposed Acehnese cultural script is linked with (1) Showing high respect, (2) patriotic spirit, and (3) giving advice. The configuration of these cultural norms and values is the understanding of knowledge and wisdom in terms of the lullaby system. The configuration is constructed in low-level scripts with lexicons in semantic primes.

ON EDGINGTON’S FORMALIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF KNOWABILITY

The formalization of the principle of knowability suggested by Dorothy Edgington is examined. This formalization has been suggested as a solution to the Fitch problem. It is interesting in that it blocks the Fitch argument and, in informal reading, makes a clear and intuitively appealing sense. On the other hand, as is shown in the paper, the semantic theory behind this formalization has two significant gaps: 1) it does not define the interpretation of actuality operator, and 2) it does not define the semantic way of representing the agent’s knowledge. The main outcome of the papers is critical. It is to the effect that unless those gaps are filled, Edgington’s theory cannot count as a solution to the Fitch problem.

Quantum Core Affect. Process-Semantic Theory of Emotions

The paper describes model of human affect based on quantum theory of semantics. The model considers emotion as subjective representation of behavioral context relative to a basis binary choice, organized by cyclical process structure and an orthogonal evaluation axis. The resulting spherical space, generalizing well-known circumplex models, accommodates basic emotions in specific angular domains. Predicted process-semantic structure of affect is observed in the word2vec data, as well as in the previously obtained spaces of emotion concepts. The established quantum-theoretic structure of affective space connects emotion science with quantum models of cognition and behavior, opening perspective for synergetic progress in these fields.

Inferentialism is as Compositional as it Needs to be

Normative inferentialism is a semantic theory according to which the meaning of an expression is, or is determined by, its proper inferential role. Critics of inferentialism often argue that it violates the principle of compositionality, and that it is therefore unable to explain some important linguistic data. I have two tasks in this paper: the first is to demonstrate that inferentialism, appearances perhaps to the contrary, does not violate the principle of compositionality, and the second is to explain why this demonstration is unlikely to mollify critics of inferentialism. The dispute between inferentialists and their critics, I shall argue, is not about compositionality, it is a more fundamental dispute about the nature of representations.

THE EQUIVALENT OF THE JAPANESE VERBS SONAERU, SASHIAGERU, AND SAZUKERU INTO INDONESIAN

This research focuses on the verb equivalent of 'giving' Japanese into Indonesian. Japanese and Indonesian have different expressions of the 'giving' verb, both syntactically and pragmatically. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. In this study, the theory used is semantic theory from Chaer which states lexical meaning and grammatical meaning. The pragmatic theory used in this study is the contextual theory from Pateda which is supported by the politeness level factor approach of Mizutani & Mizutani. The data source of this study uses data from the Japanese corpus, namely www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/. The results of this study indicate that (1) sentence structure with sonaeru verb in Japanese, does not require the appearance of three arguments that express datif. And the sentence structure with the sashiageru and sazukeru verbs must use three arguments which state datif (ni) which indicates the existence of a giver, recipient, and something given. (2) the equivalent of the Japanese verb sonaeru, sashiageru, and sazukeru in the Indonesian sentence structure shows that the three verbs are lexically, namely sonaeru, sashiageru, and sazukeru are both meaningful giving. In addition, the sonaeru verb has a broader lexical meaning that can express offer, present, provide, prepare, present from someone who is positioned down to the boss. The sashiageru verb has a lexical meaning only to give both goods and services from subordinates to superiors. Verb sazukeru has a lexical meaning bestowed, teach, offered. The use of these three verbs in grammatical meaning will be adjusted to the context of the sentence. Keywords: datif, giving, sashiageru, sazukeru, sonaeru

ПРОПОЗИЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СИТУАЦИИ ЗНАКОМСТВА

The emergence and development of the semantic theory of aquaintaince is associated with the solution of conceptual confusion within the context of propositional attitudes. The author considers various contexts of propositional attitudes, such as desire, taste, belief, knowledge, resorting to the consideration of difficulties that arise in their environment. There is also attempting to explain problems and ambiguities using information theory and cognitive process analysis. С решением концептуального замешательства в рамках контекстов пропозициональных установок связано появление и развитие семантической теории знакомства. Автор работы рассматривает различные контексты пропозициональных установок, такие как желание, вкус, убеждение, прибегая к обзору формальных трудностей, возникающих в их среде. Также предпринимается попытка объяснения проблем и неоднозначностей с помощью теории информации и анализа когнитивных процессов.