scholarly journals Open and closed mid-front vowels in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Uchihara ◽  
Ambrocio Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca

Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec is spoken in the community of Teotitlán del Valle, in the Central Valley of Oaxaca in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Teotitlán Zapotec is one of the Central Zapotec languages, which belong to the Zapotecan language family within the Otomanguean language stock. Teotitlán Zapotec has two mid-front vowels. The distribution of these two mid-front vowels is conditioned by the nature of the adjacent consonants and accent and presents challenges to formal analysis due to a number of properties predictive of the distribution: the disjunctive set of consonants conditioning the alternation, the ganging effect of consonant type and syllable structure as triggers, the featural characterization of the process as raising assimilation, and asymmetries between derived and non-derived environments in the observed patterns.

Characterization of almond processing residues from the Central Valley of California for thermal conversion

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aktas ◽  
P. Thy ◽  
R.B. Williams ◽  
Z. McCaffrey ◽  
R. Khatami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Valley ◽  
Thermal Conversion

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of nanocomposites based on linear medium density polyethylene/cellulose nanofibers from Agave tequilana bagasse waste

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 9806-9825
Author(s):  
José Guillermo Torres-Rendón ◽  
Mario E. Valdez-Fausto ◽  
José Anzaldo-Hernández ◽  
Rosa M. Jiménez-Amezcua ◽  
Kestur G. Satyanarayana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Linear Medium ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Bagasse Waste

In the Mexican state of Jalisco, a significant amount of fibrous agave waste is generated from the tequila industry every year. The objective of this study was to establish the potential of obtaining cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from the bagasse waste of Agave tequilana, and then incorporate them into a linear medium density polyethylene matrix to obtain nanocomposites through the thermocompression process. These nanoparticles were used to prepare nanocomposites of the selected matrix, incorporating 1 to 5 wt% of CNF. All of the prepared composites had a low water absorption. Increases in tensile strength and in modulus and flexural properties occurred when the concentration of the CNF was augmented. However, in the case of nanocomposites with 5 wt%, a decrease in elongation was observed.

scholarly journals The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rocha-Méndez ◽  
Luis A. Sánchez-González ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

Abstract Background Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in southwestern Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, with the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.

Foot and Syllable Structure in Modern Icelandic

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Iverson ◽  
Courtenay A. Kesterson
Keyword(s):  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Foot Structure

As is well known, vowel length in Modern Icelandic is in general predictable on the basis of syllable structure such that, in polysyllabic words, stressed vowels in open syllables are long, other vowels are short; in stressed monosyllables, however, vowels are long whether the syllable is open or closed by a single consonant, and short only when the syllable is closed by a consonant cluster. In contrast to the ‘final maximalistic’ strategy of Árnason (1980) and other unlikely syllabification schemes designed to unify these two patterns, we invoke Giegerich's (1985) characterization of foot structure as applied to German and English, according to which stressed monosyllables categorize metrically as disyllabic feet whose rightmost member is null. Thus, CVC structures are metrically /CV.CØ/, with the result that the generalization regarding vowel length in words of all types is simply that stressed vowels in open syllables are long, others short.

scholarly journals Characterization of Adobe Blocks: Point-Load Assessment as a Complementary Study of Damaged Buildings and Samples

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-888
Author(s):  
Adria Sanchez-Calvillo ◽  
Elia M. Alonso-Guzman ◽  
Wilfrido Martinez-Molina ◽  
Marco A. Navarrete-Seras ◽  
Jose L. Ruvalcaba-Sil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Non Destructive

Adobe masonry is one of the oldest construction systems still in use today, Mexico has an enormous cultural heritage with traditional adobe houses being very representative of the rural communities and their culture. The 2017 Puebla Earthquake on September 19th struck the country causing the loss, destruction, and damage of historic buildings in several Mexican states, with the traditional earthen dwellings being the most vulnerable structures to these events. The fast abandonment of the local materials and techniques entails further research regarding the characterization of these construction systems, therefore, reconstruction efforts first require the recovery of the construction technique. After the seismic events, adobe samples of the remaining adobe structures of Jojutla de Juarez were collected. This population was one of the most affected in all the country, and, because of the major losses suffered, the study was conducted to determine the material properties of the dwellings’ adobe shards and natural quarry clays of the region. The characterization included destructive and non-destructive tests, mineralogical and granulometry analyses, and composition of the adobe samples of the buildings, as well as the aggregates. As a novelty, the compressive strength of the pieces was tested by two methods: the traditional compression strength test and the point-load test, in order to obtain the indicative values and the correlation equations between both tests. From the formal analysis and the laboratory, it was observed that the adobes from Jojutla presented different compositions which combined with the building malpractices and alterations to the traditional systems caused unpredictable behavior during the earthquake. The conduction of point-load tests in situ, as a part of a complete characterization methodology, could be an alternative to study the mechanical properties of patrimonial or damaged building samples before its disappearance.

scholarly journals Una aproximación a la fonología del tapiete (Tupí-Guaraní)

2010 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Hebe González
Keyword(s):  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Segmental Phonology

This article presents the main features of Tapiete phonology, a Tupi-Guarani language spoken in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. It discusses the segmental phonology focusing on phonemes, their phonetic description, the phonotactics, the rules that govern the allophonic variations and the syllable structure. At the supra-segmental level, the article provides a characterization of nasal harmony and stress.KEYWORDS: Tapiete; Tupi-Guarani; Phonology; Nasal harmony; Reduplication. RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los principales rasgos de la fonología tapiete, lengua tupí-guaraní hablada en Argentina, Bolivia y Paraguay. El artículo aborda la fonología segmental, centrándose en los fonemas, su caracterización fonética, la fonotáctica, las reglas que rigen las variaciones alofónicas y la estructura silábica. A nivel suprasegmental, el artículo brinda una caracterización de la armonía nasal y el acento. Se describen las variaciones morfofonológicas, específicamente, en su relación con la armonía nasal y el acento.PALABRAS CLAVES: Tapiete; Tupí-Guaraní; Fonología; Armonía nasal; Reduplicació 

scholarly journals The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rocha-Méndez ◽  
LUIS A. SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
CLEMENTINA GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ADOLFO G. NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

Abstract Background Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in western Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, where the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.

scholarly journals The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rocha-Méndez ◽  
LUIS A. SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
CLEMENTINA GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ADOLFO G. NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

Abstract Background Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in southwestern Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, with the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.

scholarly journals The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rocha-Méndez ◽  
LUIS A. SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
CLEMENTINA GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ADOLFO G. NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

Abstract Background: Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in southwestern Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results: We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, with the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions: Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.

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