scholarly journals The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rocha-Méndez ◽  
LUIS A. SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
CLEMENTINA GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ADOLFO G. NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

Abstract Background Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in western Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, where the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.

scholarly journals The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rocha-Méndez ◽  
Luis A. Sánchez-González ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

Abstract Background Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in southwestern Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, with the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.

scholarly journals The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rocha-Méndez ◽  
LUIS A. SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
CLEMENTINA GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ADOLFO G. NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

Abstract Background Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in southwestern Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, with the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.

scholarly journals The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rocha-Méndez ◽  
LUIS A. SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
CLEMENTINA GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ADOLFO G. NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

Abstract Background: Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in southwestern Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results: We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, with the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions: Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.

scholarly journals Bird faunas of the humid montane forests of Mesoamerica: biogeographic patterns and priorities for conservation

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 251-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca E. Hernández-Baños ◽  
A. Townsend Peterson ◽  
Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza ◽  
B. Patricia Escalante-Pliego
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Los Tuxtlas ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Sierra Madre Occidental ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Habitat Islands ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

SummaryThe distribution of 335 species of birds in 33 islands of humid montane forest in Mesoamerica is summarized, and patterns of distribution, diversity and endemism are analysed.The montane forests of Costa Rica and western Panama far exceed other habitat islands considered for species-richness, richness of species endemic to Mesoamerica, and richness of species ecologically restricted to humid montane forests. Other regions, such as the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca, the Los Tuxtlas region of southern Veracruz and the mountains of Chiapas and Guatemala, also hold rich and endemic avifaunas. Based on patterns of similarity of avifaunas, the region can be divided into seven regions holding distinctive avifaunas (Costa Rica and western Panama; northern Central America and northern Chiapas; southern Chiapas; eastern Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Sierra Madre del Sur; interior Oaxaca; and Transvolcanic Belt and Sierra Madre Occidental), which serve as useful guides for the setting of priorities for conservation action.Se resumen las distribuciones de 335 especies de aves en 33 islas de bosque húmedo de montaña en Mesoamerica, y se analizan patrones de distributión, diversidad y endemismo. Los bosques montanos de Costa Rica y del oeste de Panamá tienen la más alta riqueza de especies, riqueza de especies endémicas a Mesoamerica, y riqueza de especies ecologicamente restringidas a bosque húmedo de montana. Otras regiones, tales como la Sierra Madre del Sur de Guerrero y Oaxaca, la región de Los Tuxtlas y las montanas de Chiapas y Guatemala, también tienen avifaunas ricas en especies y en endémicas. Basado en patrones de similitud de avifaunas, se puede dividir Mesoamerica en siete regiones que tienen avifaunas distintas (Costa Rica y el oeste de Panamá; el norte de Centroamérica y el norte de Chiapas; el sur de Chiapas; el este de México; la Sierra Madre del Sur; el interior de Oaxaca; y el Eje Neovolcánico y la Sierra Madre Occidental), las cuales pueden servir como guias en el establecimiento de prioridades para la conservatión.

scholarly journals Biology of tiny animals: three new species of minute salamanders (Plethodontidae:Thorius) from Oaxaca, Mexico

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Parra-Olea ◽  
Sean M. Rovito ◽  
Mario García-París ◽  
Jessica A. Maisano ◽  
David B. Wake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur ◽  
Three New Species

We describe three new species of minute salamanders, genusThorius, from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. Until now only a single species,T. minutissimus, has been reported from this region, although molecular data have long shown extensive genetic differentiation among geographically disjunct populations. AdultThorius pinicolasp. nov.,T. longicaudussp. nov., andT. tlaxiacussp. nov. are larger thanT. minutissimusand possess elliptical rather than oval nostrils;T. pinicolaandT. longicaudusalso have longer tails. All three new species occur west of the range ofT. minutissimus, which has the easternmost distribution of any member of the genus. The new species are distinguished from each other and from other namedThoriusin Oaxaca by a combination of adult body size, external morphology and osteology, and by protein characters (allozymes) and differences in DNA sequences. In addition, we redescribeT. minutissimusand a related species,T. narisovalis, to further clarify the taxonomic status of Oaxacan populations and to facilitate future studies of the remaining genetically differentiatedThoriusthat cannot be satisfactorily assigned to any named species. Populations of all five species considered here appear to have declined dramatically over the last one or two decades and live specimens are difficult to find in nature.Thoriusmay be the most endangered genus of amphibians in the world. All species may go extinct before the end of this century.

Jaguar (Panthera onca) density in the Sierra Madre del Sur; the last wilderness area in the central-western slope in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Juan F. Charre-Medellín ◽  
Tiberio C. Monterrubio-Rico ◽  
Pelayo Acevedo ◽  
Esmar O. Guzmán-Díaz ◽  
José Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Western Slope ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Wilderness Area ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur

A New Species of Montane Rain Frog, Genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylus), from Guerrero, Mexico

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay M. Savage
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur ◽  
A New Species

Eleutherodactylus uno n. sp . is described from the oak-pine zone of the Sierra Madre del Sur, in the Mexican state of Guerrero . The new species cannot be associated with any currently recognized supraspecific division within the genus and demonstrates the unsatisfactory nature of attempts to cluster the approximately 400 known species into groups.

High-frequency germ line gene conversion in transgenic mice

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2545-2552
Author(s):  
J R Murti ◽  
M Bumbulis ◽  
J C Schimenti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Lacz Gene ◽  
Male Gametes

Gene conversion is the nonreciprocal transfer of genetic information between two related genes or DNA sequences. It can influence the evolution of gene families, having the capacity to generate both diversity and homogeneity. The potential evolutionary significance of this process is directly related to its frequency in the germ line. While measurement of meiotic inter- and intrachromosomal gene conversion frequency is routine in fungal systems, it has hitherto been impractical in mammals. We have designed a system for identifying and quantitating germ line gene conversion in mice by analyzing transgenic male gametes for a contrived recombination event. Spermatids which undergo the designed intrachromosomal gene conversion produce functional beta-galactosidase (encoded by the lacZ gene), which is visualized by histochemical staining. We observed a high incidence of lacZ-positive spermatids (approximately 2%), which were produced by a combination of meiotic and mitotic conversion events. These results demonstrate that gene conversion in mice is an active recombinational process leading to nonparental gametic haplotypes. This high frequency of intrachromosomal gene conversion seems incompatible with the evolutionary divergence of newly duplicated genes. Hence, a process may exist to uncouple gene pairs from frequent conversion-mediated homogenization.

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