scholarly journals Variation in the articulation of Russian stressed vowels and the mechanics of palatalization in consonants

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata E. Cavar ◽  
Steven M. Lulich
Keyword(s):  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
High Vowels ◽  
Central High

A 3D/4D ultrasound study of Russian stressed vowels in the context of ‘soft’ (phonetically palatalized or palatal) versus ‘hard’ consonants reveals that vowels in these two contexts differ systematically in terms of the position of the tongue root while the tongue dorsum is less consistently modified depending on the speaker, vowel or consonant context. This paper proposes that the observed vowel allophony, as well as the softness contrast in Russian consonants, and the contrast between front and central high vowels, are all defined in terms of the feature [ATR].

scholarly journals Articulatory Strategies for Place Contrasts of Unreleased Final Stops on Preceding Vowels: Evidence from Ultrasound Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suki Yiu ◽  
Diana Archangeli ◽  
Jonathan Yip
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Smoothing Spline ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Smoothing Spline Anova ◽  
Testing Case ◽  
High Vowels

This ultrasound study examines the gestural coordination involved in vowel-to-consonant sequences concerning unreleased final stops, which are more susceptible to reduction than their released counterparts. Thus, coarticulatory information on the preceding vowel is important to signal place contrasts of post-vocalic stops. The gestural coordination of vowel-consonant sequences of monosyllabic words in Cantonese represents a testing case for having preserved phonemic contrasts of six unreleased final stops in a range of vowel contexts. Preliminary results from smoothing spline ANOVA and linear mixed-effect regression show that coarticulatory patterns depend on vowel height, that is, non-high vowels are undergoing gradual coarticulation whereas high vowels are phonologising the lingual properties of the unreleased final stops on the preceding vowels.

4D ultrasound study of fetal facial expressions at 20-24 weeks of gestation

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Sato ◽  
Kenji Kanenishi ◽  
Uiko Hanaoka ◽  
Junko Noguchi ◽  
Genzo Marumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study

How large does a rectocele have to be to cause symptoms? A 3D/4D ultrasound study

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Dietz ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
K. L. Shek ◽  
Rojas R. Guzman
Keyword(s):  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study

4D ultrasound study of fetal movement early in the second trimester of pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraphan Sajapala ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa AboEllail ◽  
Kenji Kanenishi ◽  
Nobuhiro Mori ◽  
Genzo Marumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movement ◽  
Fetal Movement ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

AbstractAim:To assess the frequency of fetal movement and reproducibility of fetal movement counting in normal singleton pregnancies early in the second trimester using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound.Methods:Twenty-nine singleton pregnancies were studied for 15 min employing 4D ultrasound at 14–16 (19 cases) and 17–19 (10 cases) weeks of gestation. The frequencies of eight fetal movements (head anteflexion, head retroflexion, body rotation, hand to face movement, general movement, isolated arm movement, isolated leg movement and mouthing movement) were evaluated.Results:The most frequent fetal movements were isolated arm movements at 14–16 and 17–19 weeks’ gestation. There was a significant difference only in the frequency of mouthing movement between 14–16 and 17–19 weeks’ gestation (PConclusion:The difference in the frequency of mouthing movement at 14–16 and 17–19 weeks’ gestation may be due to increasing fetal swallowing because of the increasing amniotic fluid early in the second trimester of pregnancy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the reproducibility assessment of fetal movement counting using 4D ultrasound. However, the data and their interpretation in the present study should be taken with some degree of caution because of the small number of subjects studied. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to assess the reproducibility of fetal movement counting using 4D ultrasound.

Ultrasound study of fetal movements in singleton and twin pregnancies at 12–19 weeks

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 832-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa AboEllail ◽  
Kenji Kanenishi ◽  
Nobuhiro Mori ◽  
Junko Noguchi ◽  
Genzo Marumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
General Movement

Abstract Objective To evaluate fetal behavioral differences between singleton and twin fetuses before 20 weeks of gestation using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound. Methods 4D ultrasound was used to examine fetal movements in 58 singleton and 48 twin normal fetuses at 12–19 weeks. The frequencies of eight fetal movements were assessed through 15-min recordings. The fetuses were divided into two gestational age groups (12–13 and 14–19 weeks) to evaluate the changes with advancing gestation in twin versus singleton fetuses. Results Arm and general movements were the most frequent movements in singleton fetuses, whereas only general movement was significantly more frequent than the other seven fetal movements in twin fetuses at 12–13 weeks. At 14–19 weeks, frequencies of arm and leg movements were significantly higher than those of the other six movements in singleton fetuses, while only arm movement was significantly more frequent than the other fetal movements in twin fetuses. Comparisons of fetal movements between singleton and twin fetuses revealed that only arm movement showed a significant difference at 12–13 weeks, while the frequencies of all movements in singleton fetuses were significantly higher than those in twin fetuses at 14–19 weeks. Conclusion Our results suggest that the limitation of available space and crowding of twin fetuses with advancing gestation may have a marked impact on twin fetal movements compared with singleton fetuses, even in the first half of pregnancy. Further studies are needed to assess whether decreased fetal movements in twin pregnancy can affect fetal and neonatal development and maturation before and after birth.

4D ultrasound study of fetal facial expressions in the third trimester of pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1856-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa AboEllail ◽  
Kenji Kanenishi ◽  
Nobuhiro Mori ◽  
Osman Abdel Kareem Mohamed ◽  
Toshiyuki Hata
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study

Neurological development may be accelerated in growth-restricted fetuses: a 4D ultrasound study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Mori ◽  
Kenji Kanenishi ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa AboEllail ◽  
Emiko Nitta ◽  
Toshiyuki Hata
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Objective To assess whether neurological maturation and development are accelerated in fetal growth restriction (FGR) in utero using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound. Methods The facial expressions of 50 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 34 FGR fetuses aged between 28 and 35 gestational weeks were assessed using 4D ultrasound. Subsequently, they were differentiated into two gestational age groups (19 aged 28–31 weeks and 31 aged 32–35 weeks in AGA, and 15 aged 28–31 weeks and 19 aged 32–35 weeks in FGR). Fifteen-minute recordings were made, and the frequencies of seven facial expressions during that time were examined. Correlation analysis was conducted to assess the changing number of significant correlations with advancing gestation in each group. Results Out of 21 combinations of facial expressions at 28–31 and 32–35 gestational weeks in AGA fetuses, there was only three significant correlations. Similarly, only one was noted out of 21 combinations at 28–31 gestational weeks, but there were seven significant correlations in FGR fetuses at 32–35 weeks (P=0.018). However, there was no significant difference in the number of correlations of facial expressions between AGA (3/21) and FGR (7/21) fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation (P=0.147). Conclusion Our results suggest that the number of significant correlations of fetal facial expressions in FGR fetuses increases more compared with that in AGA fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation. Due to the acceleration of neurological maturation and development in FGR fetuses, the control of facial expressions by the brain may be more evident compared with AGA fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation. However, the data and their interpretation in the present study should be taken with some degree of caution because of the small number of subjects studied. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to obtain strong or additional evidence.

scholarly journals Can the Paula method facilitate co-contraction of the pelvic floor muscles? A 4D ultrasound study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Bø ◽  
Gunvor Hilde ◽  
Jette Stær-Jensen ◽  
Ingeborg Hoff Brækken
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study
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