Birdshot Chorioretinopathy and Punctate Inner Choroidopathy; Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Birdshot Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Punctate Inner Choroidopathy ◽  
White Dot Syndromes

Birdshot chorioretinopathy and punctate inner choroidopathy are a form of inflammatory chorioretinopathies and a member of the white dot syndromes. These diseases have unique and characteristic appearances. The lesions in these diseases affect multiple layers of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris, and choroid. We discuss the etiology, presentation, diagnosis-differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these diseases in this review.

scholarly journals A Review of the Inflammatory Chorioretinopathies: The White Dot Syndromes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney M. Crawford ◽  
Okezie Igboeli
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Birdshot Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
White Dot Syndrome ◽  
White Dot Syndromes ◽  
Infectious Etiology ◽  
Autoimmune Etiology

The white dot syndromes are a group of inflammatory chorioretinopathies of unknown etiology which have in common a unique and characteristic appearance of multiple yellow-white lesions affecting multiple layers of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris, and the choroid. They also have overlapping clinical features. We discuss acute retinal pigment epitheliopathy, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, birdshot chorioretinopathy, and serpiginous choroidopathy. Some of these diseases are associated with a viral prodrome suggesting a possible viral/infectious etiology, while others are associated with a number of systemic processes suggesting an autoimmune etiology. We also review the presentation, evaluation/diagnosis, and treatment of these entities as well as the prognosis. Where applicable we discuss recent advancements in diagnosing and treating the white dot syndromes.

scholarly journals HEREDITARY MACULAR DYSTROPHIES. PART 1. DYSTROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH DYSFUNCTION OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
L. A Katargina ◽  
E. V Denisova ◽  
Natal’ja A. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Medical Articles ◽  
Pigment Epithelial Cells

Purpose - to acquaint the reader with a relatively rare heterogeneous group of diseases - hereditary macular dystrophies associated with damage to cells of retinal pigment epithelium and external segments of photoreceptors. А review of the literature based on publications from the Medline scientific medical articles database is presented. The review includes a description of the clinical picture, consideration of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the main juvenile macular dystrophies, illustrated by own clinical examples.

White Dot Syndromes and Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
White Dot Syndromes

White dot syndromes represent a group of idiopathic, non-infectious inflammatory disorders that affect the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. These chorioretinopathies have a common characteristic appearance of multiple yellow-white lesions. The clinical presentations of these disorders have different clinical presentations; unilateral or bilateral, sudden or insidious, acute, recurrent, or chronic. Multi-modal imaging is helpful in diagnosis. Prognosis and management differ according to the type of disease.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Punctate Inner Choroidopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake M. Hampton ◽  
Christopher M. Aderman ◽  
Harry W. Flynn ◽  
Jayanth Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Punctate Inner Choroidopathy

Purpose. To report a case of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) visualized utilizing optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods. Case report. Results. A 29-year-old woman presented with new visual symptoms in both eyes. Fundoscopic exam revealed bilateral multifocal, small, well-defined lesions consistent with PIC. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated subretinal fluid and retinal pigment epithelium detachments (RPEDs) in both eyes. OCT-A revealed bilateral abnormal increased flow within the RPEDs consistent with CNV. Fluorescein angiography confirmed the presence of bilateral CNV. Conclusion. CNV secondary to PIC may be identified using noninvasive optical coherence tomography angiography.

Indocyanine Green Angiographic Findings in a Case of Punctate Inner Choroidopathy

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akman ◽  
S. Kadayifçilar ◽  
P. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Indocyanine Green Angiography ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Choroidal Neovascular Membrane ◽  
Fluorescein Angiogram ◽  
Punctate Inner Choroidopathy ◽  
Angiographic Findings

Purpose To report indocyanine green angiographic findings in a case of punctate inner choroidopathy. Methods Fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were carried out on a 23-year-old woman who presented with features typical of punctate inner choroidopathy. Results Fundoscopy showed multiple small yellow lesions in the retinal pigment epithelium and inner choroid in both eyes and a subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane in the left eye. The lesions showed early hyperfluorescence with mild leakage in the late phases of the fluorescein angiogram. On indocyanine green angiography, the lesions demonstrated obvious hypofluorescence in the early, mid and late phases. Conclusions The fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic findings indicate that punctate inner choroidopathy affects the choriocapillaris as well as the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. However, it is still not known whether the primary pathology is in the retinal pigment epithelium, the photoreceptors or the choriocapillaris.

High-voltage electron microscopy of subretinal scar formation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
G.E. Korte ◽  
M. Marko ◽  
G. Hageman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Sodium Iodate ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron

Sodium iodate iv. damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in rabbits. Where RPE does not regenerate (e.g., 1,2) Muller glial cells (MC) forma subretinal scar that replaces RPE. The MC response was studied by HVEM in 3D computer reconstructions of serial thick sections, made using the STEREC0N program (3), and the HVEM at the NYS Dept. of Health in Albany, NY. Tissue was processed for HVEM or immunofluorescence localization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing MG microvilli (4).

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