scholarly journals The future of the NHS hospital payment system in England

2021 ◽  
Urology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Munoz ◽  
Richard Boiardo ◽  
Katherine Mulloy ◽  
Jonathan Goldstein ◽  
Jeffrey G. Brewster ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khozainul Ulum

In fulfilling the needs, human beings tend to do various ways and always looking for ease. In the context of the fulfillment of economic needs, for example, not everyone can get easy access to be able to get the needs. The purchasing power of each person always refers to the stability of the amount of income earned every day or every month. Therefore, it is not surprising that payment system in transaction of buying and selling that try to make easy for consumer to get what is wanted, that is credit payment. In Islam, payments in credit transactions are known as nasīah. This paper will trace the arguments of the Quran that are related to the payment of sale and purchase on credit.  From the Quranic interpretation of sura al-Baqarah verse 282 and 283 above with respect to the transaction on credit, it can be summarized as follows. First, the transaction on credit in Islam is not forbidden and not makruh. In other words, it is allowed even though the price of goods sold in credit is more expensive than the price in cash. Second, in a transaction on credit, it is ordered to make record and witness to the requierments and conditions of the transaction. The purpose of these records and testimony is to safeguard the rights of each transactor and to avoid disputes in the future. In this case, ulama have difference on the form of such recording and testimonies. One side believes that the order is obligatory (wajib), and the other side thinks it sunnah. According to me, after seeing the purpose of record and testimony of the above transactions, the record and testimony in the transaction is wajib.Third, transaction made in cash (yadan bi yadin), according to the author, is also required to record and testimony. This is a form of caution, because at the moment there are many disputes in transactions that arise in the community, even though they have done the recording and testimony. Fourth, note of treaty and the receipts included in each transaction at the present have an important meaning to safeguard the rights and obligations of each party conducting the transaction. Moreover, note of treaty and receipt are a valid and concrete evidence explaining the truth of the transaction. Keywords: Credit Sale, Quranic Interpertation Approach


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(29)) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Georgy Maksimovich Babukin

The author of the article emphasizes the importance of using digitalization and artificial intelligence in banks. The transition to such a model in a particular area will be a serious driver of growth for them and a catalyst for the use of AI technologies. Innovations in the field of digitalization of the banking sector are considered. The plan for the development of the digital ruble project was studied. The introduction of the fast payment system (SPB) is considered. The application of artificial intelligence in the banking sector is studied. The forecast of revenues of the artificial intelligence market is made.


2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Scanlon
Keyword(s):  

BMJ ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 340 (mar10 2) ◽  
pp. c1306-c1306
Author(s):  
Z. Kmietowicz

ILR Review ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Louise B. Russell

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon B. Spika ◽  
Peter Zweifel

Abstract Background With DRG payments, hospitals can game the system by ’upcoding’ true patient’s severity of illness. This paper takes into account that upcoding can be performed by the chief physician and hospital management, with the extent of the distortion depending on hospital’s internal decision-making process. The internal decision making can be of the principal-agent type with the management as the principal and the chief physician as the agent, but the chief physicians may be able to engage in negotiations with management resulting in a bargaining solution. Results In case of the principal-agent mechanism, the distortion due to upcoding is shown to accumulate, whereas in the bargaining case it is avoided at the level of the chief physician. Conclusion In the presence of upcoding it may be appropriate for the sponsor to design a payment system that fosters bargaining to avoid additional distortions even if this requires extra funding.


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