Höhere Erwerbsquoten stoppen nicht den Rückgang des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
Johann Fuchs ◽  
Brigitte Weber

Zusammenfassung Die demografische Alterung führt langfristig zu einem sinkenden Erwerbspersonenpotenzial. Zur Deckung einer denkbaren Personallücke wird in der politischen Diskussion neben Zuwanderung auf die Förderung der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Älteren gesetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die Frage, wie quantitativ bedeutsam solche inländischen Personalreserven sind und untersucht, ob sie ausreichen würden, den demografisch bedingten Rückgang zu kompensieren. Dazu werden unterschiedliche Szenarien für die Erwerbsbeteiligung gerechnet, mit teilweise erheblich höheren Erwerbsquoten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der erwartete Rückgang des Erwerbspersonen­potenzials damit nur gebremst werden kann, weil die demografische Basis, die Bevölkerung im erwerbsfähigen Alter, schneller und langfristig stärker schrumpft, als die Erwerbsquoten steigen können. Abstract: Higher Employment Rates Do Not Stop Declining Labor Supply Demographic ageing is expected to reduce labor supply in the long run. This could result in a substantial labor shortage. Attracting migrants and promoting labor participation of females and older persons are subject of the public debate to mitigate the problem. Our study focuses on the question, whether domestic human resources will be sufficient to close the gap between future labor supply and demand. We simulate and analyze scenarios even using rather extreme assumptions regarding labor participation rates. The results show higher labor participation rates cannot compensate the demographic influence, as the working age population will shrink to a greater extend and faster than the participation rates.

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale W. Jorgenson ◽  
Richard J. Goettle ◽  
Mun S. Ho ◽  
Daniel T. Slesnick ◽  
Peter J. Wilcoxen

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury

This statistical file is concerned with the latest available data that might be useful in dealing with the issue of the labour force and unemployment in Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 introduces data on the working-age populations, while Table 2 shows figures on the labour force participation rates. Table 3 provides statements on the percentage of children (between 5 and 14 years) who are working in Arab countries, while Table 4 presents figures on the labour force distribution by sector. Table 5 is concerned with data on the employment rates, while Table 6 presents data on labour distribution by level of education in selected Arab countries. Data on education outputs and labour market needs in selected Arab countries and on the perceptions of work and the labour market are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.


2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Hanson ◽  
Craig McIntosh

How will worldwide changes in population affect pressures for international migration in the future? We examine the past three decades, during which population pressures contributed to substantial labor flows from neighboring countries into the United States and Europe, and contrast them with the coming three decades, which will see sharp reductions in labor-supply growth in Latin America but not in Africa or much of the Middle East. Using a gravity-style empirical model, we examine the contribution of changes in relative labor-supply to bilateral migration in the 2000s and then apply this model to project future bilateral flows based on long-run UN forecasts of working-age populations in sending and receiving countries. Because the Americas are entering an era of uniformly low population growth, labor flows across the Rio Grande are projected to slow markedly. Europe, in contrast, will face substantial demographically driven migration pressures from across the Mediterranean for decades to come. Although these projected inflows would triple the first-generation immigrant stocks of larger European countries between 2010 and 2040, they would still absorb only a small fraction of the 800-million-person increase in the working-age population of Sub-Saharan Africa that is projected to occur over this period.


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