Inside the Brain: Fragrance Effects on Human Attention

Friedl

doi:10.3797/scipharm.oephg.21.sl-17

Predicting how color and shape combine in the human visual system to direct attention

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56238-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simona Buetti ◽

Jing Xu ◽

Alejandro Lleras

Keyword(s):

Visual System ◽

Human Visual System ◽

Target Object ◽

Visual Attributes ◽

Human Attention ◽

Visual Attribute ◽

The Brain

AbstractObjects in a scene can be distinct from one another along a multitude of visual attributes, such as color and shape, and the more distinct an object is from its surroundings, the easier it is to find it. However, exactly how this distinctiveness advantage arises in vision is not well understood. Here we studied whether and how visual distinctiveness along different visual attributes (color and shape, assessed in four experiments) combine to determine an object’s overall distinctiveness in a scene. Unidimensional distinctiveness scores were used to predict performance in six separate experiments where a target object differed from distractor objects along both color and shape. Results showed that there is mathematical law determining overall distinctiveness as the simple sum of the distinctiveness scores along each visual attribute. Thus, the brain must compute distinctiveness scores independently for each visual attribute before summing them into the overall score that directs human attention.

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Effect of low-intensity magnetic stimulation on human attention span-Experimental Study

10.31219/osf.io/nxvq4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

roohollah basatnia

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Human Brain ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Experimental Setup ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Human Attention ◽

The Individual ◽

The Brain ◽

Stimulation Of

Attention is a cognitive and behavioral process that selectively focuses on the individual aspects of subjective or objective information. It has been shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain, or rTMS, can affect the networks of attention in the brain of some peoples. In this study we report the effects of our experimental setup(Beta-1 Device) on human brain. Current research shows the influences of our setup on human concentration and attention. Respected to the low number of sessions of this stimulation using the beta1 device and the significant effect of this stimulation, the beta1 system can be helpful in the treatment or improvement of attention deficit disorders. It is suggested that the effectiveness of this machine in increasing attention and focus should be studied by repeating this research and increasing the number of magnetic stimulation sessions of the brain. Due to the results of the previous researches in the stimulation of the DLPFC area and its relevance with the recovery of depression, the effect of stimulation of brain by this device on depression is expected. In the present study, the final scores of attention and visual and auditory focus in the IVA test were considered. It seems that repeating the research and measuring the different components of attention mentioned in this test can illuminate the dark angles of the present study.

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Human attention filters for single colors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1614062113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (43) ◽

pp. E6712-E6720 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Peng Sun ◽

Charles Chubb ◽

Charles E. Wright ◽

George Sperling

Keyword(s):

Visual Images ◽

Selection Mechanism ◽

Perceptual Attention ◽

Human Attention ◽

Feature Based ◽

Distinguished Subset ◽

Transmission Measurements ◽

Different Color ◽

Color Filters ◽

The Brain

The visual images in the eyes contain much more information than the brain can process. An important selection mechanism is feature-based attention (FBA). FBA is best described by attention filters that specify precisely the extent to which items containing attended features are selectively processed and the extent to which items that do not contain the attended features are attenuated. The centroid-judgment paradigm enables quick, precise measurements of such human perceptual attention filters, analogous to transmission measurements of photographic color filters. Subjects use a mouse to locate the centroid—the center of gravity—of a briefly displayed cloud of dots and receive precise feedback. A subset of dots is distinguished by some characteristic, such as a different color, and subjects judge the centroid of only the distinguished subset (e.g., dots of a particular color). The analysis efficiently determines the precise weight in the judged centroid of dots of every color in the display (i.e., the attention filter for the particular attended color in that context). We report 32 attention filters for single colors. Attention filters that discriminate one saturated hue from among seven other equiluminant distractor hues are extraordinarily selective, achieving attended/unattended weight ratios >20:1. Attention filters for selecting a color that differs in saturation or lightness from distractors are much less selective than attention filters for hue (given equal discriminability of the colors), and their filter selectivities are proportional to the discriminability distance of neighboring colors, whereas in the same range hue attention-filter selectivity is virtually independent of discriminabilty.

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