A pediatric case with an unstabilized neck treated with skeletal muscle electrical stimulation and KAATSU training<sup>®</sup>

In studying quick-frozen single intact skeletal muscle fibers for structural and microchemical alterations that occur milliseconds, and fractions thereof, after electrical stimulation, we have developed a method to compare, directly, ice crystal formation in freeze-substituted thin sections adjacent to all, and beneath the last, freeze-dried cryosections. We have observed images in the cryosections that to our knowledge have not been published heretofore (Figs.1-4). The main features are that isolated, sometimes large regions of the sections appear hazy and have much less contrast than adjacent regions. Sometimes within the hazy regions there are smaller areas that appear crinkled and have much more contrast. We have also observed that while the hazy areas remain still, the regions of higher contrast visibly contract in the beam, often causing tears in the sections that are clearly not caused by ice crystals (Fig.3, arrows).

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Recycled algae-based carbon materials as electroconductive 3D printed skeletal muscle tissue engineering scaffolds

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10856-021-06534-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Selva Bilge ◽

Emre Ergene ◽

Ebru Talak ◽

Seyda Gokyer ◽

Yusuf Osman Donar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Carbonaceous Material ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Skeletal Muscle Tissue ◽

Myotube Formation ◽

3D Printed

AbstractSkeletal muscle is an electrically and mechanically active tissue that contains highly oriented, densely packed myofibrils. The tissue has self-regeneration capacity upon injury, which is limited in the cases of volumetric muscle loss. Several regenerative therapies have been developed in order to enhance this capacity, as well as to structurally and mechanically support the defect site during regeneration. Among them, biomimetic approaches that recapitulate the native microenvironment of the tissue in terms of parallel-aligned structure and biophysical signals were shown to be effective. In this study, we have developed 3D printed aligned and electrically active scaffolds in which the electrical conductivity was provided by carbonaceous material (CM) derived from algae-based biomass. The synthesis of this conductive and functional CM consisted of eco-friendly synthesis procedure such as pre-carbonization and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) catalysis. CM obtained from biomass via hydrothermal carbonization (CM-03) and its ash form (CM-03K) were doped within poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix and 3D printed to form scaffolds with aligned fibers for structural biomimicry. Scaffolds were seeded with C2C12 mouse myoblasts and subjected to electrical stimulation during the in vitro culture. Enhanced myotube formation was observed in electroactive groups compared to their non-conductive counterparts and it was observed that myotube formation and myotube maturity were significantly increased for CM-03 group after electrical stimulation. The results have therefore showed that the CM obtained from macroalgae biomass is a promising novel source for the production of the electrically conductive scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

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Bioengineered in vitro skeletal muscles as new tools for muscular dystrophies preclinical studies

Journal of Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1177/2041731420981339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 204173142098133

Author(s):

Juan M. Fernández-Costa ◽

Xiomara Fernández-Garibay ◽

Ferran Velasco-Mallorquí ◽

Javier Ramón-Azcón

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Muscular Dystrophies ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Topographical Cues

Muscular dystrophies are a group of highly disabling disorders that share degenerative muscle weakness and wasting as common symptoms. To date, there is not an effective cure for these diseases. In the last years, bioengineered tissues have emerged as powerful tools for preclinical studies. In this review, we summarize the recent technological advances in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. We identify several ground-breaking techniques to fabricate in vitro bioartificial muscles. Accumulating evidence shows that scaffold-based tissue engineering provides topographical cues that enhance the viability and maturation of skeletal muscle. Functional bioartificial muscles have been developed using human myoblasts. These tissues accurately responded to electrical and biological stimulation. Moreover, advanced drug screening tools can be fabricated integrating these tissues in electrical stimulation platforms. However, more work introducing patient-derived cells and integrating these tissues in microdevices is needed to promote the clinical translation of bioengineered skeletal muscle as preclinical tools for muscular dystrophies.

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EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION UPON BLOOD FLOW AND TEMPERATURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/00002060-195303000-00003 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 22???26 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

BARBARA F. RANDALL ◽

C. J. IMIG ◽

H. M. HINES

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Electrical Stimulation

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The ectopic newly-formed nerve fibres which repopulate the long-time denervated and atrophic chick skeletal muscle

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x1968000300001 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eros Abrantes Erhart ◽

Cecil José Rezze ◽

Walter Biazotto

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Nerve Fibre ◽

Nerve Trunk ◽

Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽

Nerve Fibres ◽

Motor Endplates ◽

Proximal Stump ◽

Long Time ◽

Contralateral Muscle

1. The whole biventer cervicis muscles of the chick, being innervated by a branch of the dorsal ramus of C, presents structural Deculiarities which recommend it as good skeletal muscle for embryological, anatomical, physiological and pharmacological neuro-muscular investigations. 2. The nerve trunk responsible for the innervation of the distal belly runs completely included within the intermediate tendon; therefore, a tendon transection determines complete denervation and nerve fibre degeneration of the distal belly of the muscle. 3. Long-time experimentally denervated distal bellies (from three up to twelve months) are repopulated by ectopic nerve fibres which must have arisen from a source other than the proximal stump, neighbour nerves or nervi-vasorum. 4. Motor endplates appear in these long-time (eight or more months) denervated biventer cervicis distal bellies. 5. Although atrophic-looking such muscle bellies responded to indirect and to direct electrical stimulation — 1.5 V — by contraction. 6. The long-time denervated distal bellies of the biventer cervicis muscle of the chick, when properly reoperated by cross-grafting suture with the normal contralateral muscle, lost their atrophic appearance and showed to be successfully recovered in about thirty days.

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ATP concentrations and muscle tension increase linearly with muscle contraction

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00185.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 577-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Jianhua Li ◽

Nicholas C. King ◽

Lawrence I. Sinoway

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Muscle Contraction ◽

Motor Nerve ◽

Muscle Tension ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Ventral Root ◽

Ventral Roots ◽

Root Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

Previous studies have suggested that activation of ATP-sensitive P2X receptors in skeletal muscle play a role in mediating the exercise pressor reflex (Li J and Sinoway LI. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283: H2636–H2643, 2002). To determine the role ATP plays in this reflex, it is necessary to examine whether muscle interstitial ATP (ATPi) concentrations rise with muscle contraction. Accordingly, in this study, muscle contraction was evoked by electrical stimulation of the L7 and S1 ventral roots of the spinal cord in 12 decerebrate cats. Muscle ATPi was collected from microdialysis probes inserted in the muscle. ATP concentrations were determined by the HPLC method. Electrical stimulation of the ventral roots at 3 and 5 Hz increased mean arterial pressure by 13 ± 2 and 16 ± 3 mmHg ( P < 0.05), respectively, and it increased ATP concentration in contracting muscle by 150% ( P < 0.05) and 200% ( P < 0.05), respectively. ATP measured in the opposite control limb did not rise with ventral root stimulation. Section of the L7 and S1 dorsal roots did not affect the ATPi seen with 5-Hz ventral root stimulation. Finally, ventral roots stimulation sufficient to drive motor nerve fibers did not increase ATP in previously paralyzed cats. Thus ATPi is not largely released from sympathetic or motor nerves and does not require an intact afferent reflex pathway. We conclude that ATPi is due to the release of ATP from contracting skeletal muscle cells.

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