Are Rising Sounds Always Louder? Influences of Spectral Structure and Intensity-Region on Loudness Sensitivity to Intensity-Change Direction

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ponsot ◽  
Sabine Meunier ◽  
Abbes Kacem ◽  
Jacques Chatron ◽  
Patrick Susini
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Change ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Change Direction ◽  
Intensity Region

Forward Masking of Dynamic Acoustic Intensity: Effects of Intensity Region and End-Level

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7128 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk N Olsen ◽  
Catherine J Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Forward Masking ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Signal Delay ◽  
Acoustic Intensity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Intensity Region

Overestimation of loudness change typically occurs in response to up-ramp auditory stimuli (increasing intensity) relative to down-ramps (decreasing intensity) matched on frequency, duration, and end-level. In the experiment reported, forward masking is used to investigate a sensory component of up-ramp overestimation: persistence of excitation after stimulus presentation. White-noise and synthetic vowel 3.6 s up-ramp and down-ramp maskers were presented over two regions of intensity change (40–60 dB SPL, 60–80 dB SPL). Three participants detected 10 ms 1.5 kHz pure tone signals presented at masker-offset to signal-offset delays of 10, 20, 30, 50, 90, 170 ms. Masking magnitude was significantly greater in response to up-ramps compared with down-ramps for masker-signal delays up to and including 50 ms. When controlling for an end-level recency bias (40–60 dB SPL up-ramp vs 80–60 dB SPL down-ramp), the difference in masking magnitude between up-ramps and down-ramps was not significant at each masker–signal delay. Greater sensory persistence in response to up-ramps is argued to have minimal effect on perceptual overestimation of loudness change when response biases are controlled. An explanation based on sensory adaptation is discussed.

A Perceptual Bias for Accelerated Intensity Change: An Evolved Mechanism?

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Neuhoff ◽  
Kimberly Fukai ◽  
John Preston ◽  
Kate Willaman
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Intensity Change

Effect of Fluctuation of Intensity and Spectral Structure of Light on the Growth and Energetics of Young Fish

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Konstantinov ◽  
V. S. Vechkanov ◽  
V. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. B. Ruchin
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Young Fish

PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF WAVE BREAKING CRITERIA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kuznetsov ◽  
Sergey Kuznetsov ◽  
Yana Saprykina ◽  
Yana Saprykina ◽  
Boris Divinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Wave ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Similarity Parameter ◽  
Nonlinear Harmonics ◽  
The Waves

On the base of experimental data it was revealed that type of wave breaking depends on wave asymmetry against the vertical axis at wave breaking point. The asymmetry of waves is defined by spectral structure of waves: by the ratio between amplitudes of first and second nonlinear harmonics and by phase shift between them. The relative position of nonlinear harmonics is defined by a stage of nonlinear wave transformation and the direction of energy transfer between the first and second harmonics. The value of amplitude of the second nonlinear harmonic in comparing with first harmonic is significantly more in waves, breaking by spilling type, than in waves breaking by plunging type. The waves, breaking by plunging type, have the crest of second harmonic shifted forward to one of the first harmonic, so the waves have "saw-tooth" shape asymmetrical to vertical axis. In the waves, breaking by spilling type, the crests of harmonic coincides and these waves are symmetric against the vertical axis. It was found that limit height of breaking waves in empirical criteria depends on type of wave breaking, spectral peak period and a relation between wave energy of main and second nonlinear wave harmonics. It also depends on surf similarity parameter defining conditions of nonlinear wave transformations above inclined bottom.

Thermodynamic Green’s Functions and Spectral Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Morgenstern Horing
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Spectral Weight ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamic ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Imaginary Time ◽  
Translational Invariance ◽  
The One

Multiparticle thermodynamic Green’s functions, defined in terms of grand canonical ensemble averages of time-ordered products of creation and annihilation operators, are interpreted as tracing the amplitude for time-developing correlated interacting particle motions taking place in the background of a thermal ensemble. Under equilibrium conditions, time-translational invariance permits the one-particle thermal Green’s function to be represented in terms of a single frequency, leading to a Lehmann spectral representation whose frequency poles describe the energy spectrum. This Green’s function has finite values for both t>t′ and t<t′ (unlike retarded Green’s functions), and the two parts G1> and G1< (respectively) obey a simple proportionality relation that facilitates the introduction of a spectral weight function: It is also interpreted in terms of a periodicity/antiperiodicity property of a modified Green’s function in imaginary time capable of a Fourier series representation with imaginary (Matsubara) frequencies. The analytic continuation from imaginary time to real time is discussed, as are related commutator/anticommutator functions, also retarded/advanced Green’s functions, and the spectral weight sum rule is derived. Statistical thermodynamic information is shown to be embedded in physical features of the one- and two-particle thermodynamic Green’s functions.

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