scholarly journals Radical decrease in the number of homicides in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4. ksz.) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Máté Sivadó

In Hungary, the number of crimes recorded by crime statistics is surprisingly decreasing. Since its peak in 1998, the overall crime rate has fallen to less than a third. Within this, the decline in the number of homicides, which fell to one-fifth, is even more pronounced. Many people critically look at statistical indicators, and the authority’s accounting methods know the superior numbers. In my research, I examined this.

Author(s):  
Марина Сергеевна Красильникова

Исследование посвящено определению криминологических характеристик преступности осужденных в местах лишения свободы. Выдвинут тезис о том, что пенитенциарная преступность имеет специфические закономерности, не свойственные общей преступности: приведены статистические показатели общей преступности в России, вычислен коэффициент данной преступности и степень ее прироста по годам. Представлены сопоставимые показатели пенитенциарной преступности, в том числе коэффициент преступности и степень прироста. Их сравнение показало диаметрально противоположные тенденции развития, что подтвердило выдвинутый тезис. Дальнейшее исследование показателей, относящихся к деятельности исправительных учреждений и качественному составу содержащихся в них осужденных, выявило один из факторов, влияющих на негативную динамику пенитенциарной преступности: речь идет о соотношении лиц, впервые отбывающих лишение свободы, и лиц, отбывающих лишение свободы второй, третий и более раз. Сравнение относительных показателей удельного веса тех или иных категорий осужденных позволило сделать конкретные выводы об отдельных характеристиках пенитенциарной преступности, а также об эффективности деятельности исправительных учреждений по реализации целей уголовного наказания. В рамках исследования предложен перечень детерминант преступности осужденных, отбывающих лишение свободы. Процесс исследования представлен также в таблицах, наглядно демонстрирующих объективность выявленных и сформулированных тенденций и характеристик. The study is devoted to determining the criminological characteristics of crime of convicted persons in places of deprivation of liberty. The thesis is put forward that penitentiary crime has specific patterns that are not peculiar to general crimes. Statistical indicators of general crime in Russia are given, the coefficient of this crime and the degree of its growth by year are calculated. Comparable indicators of penitentiary crime are presented, including the crime rate and the degree of increase. Their comparison showed diametrically opposite development trends, which confirmed the thesis. A further study of indicators related to the activities of correctional institutions and the quality of prisoners held in them revealed one of the factors that influence the negative dynamics of penitentiary crime - the ratio of persons serving their first term of imprisonment and those serving their second, third or more times of imprisonment. Comparison of relative indicators of the specific weight of certain categories of convicts allowed us to draw concrete conclusions about certain characteristics of penitentiary crime, as well as about the effectiveness of correctional institutions in implementing the goals of criminal punishment. Within the framework of the study, a list of determinants of crime of convicted persons serving imprisonment is proposed. The research process is also presented in tables that clearly demonstrate the objectivity of the identified and formulated trends and characteristics.


2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Chilvers

Existing crime statistics generally either compare crime rates within regions over time, in order to identify a worsening or improvement in crime risk, or rank regions by crime rate in a specific time period, in order to compare communities on the relative risk of victimisation. Such comparisons, however, provide no information about the relative contribution made by particular geographical areas to the observed aggregate change in the state crime rate or to the total level of crime. This paper describes the development of graphical methods and summary indices which measure the spatial dispersion of crime risk and the spatial dispersion of a change in crime risk. Measures of crime dispersion such as those described in this paper could prove useful in choosing among alternative crime control strategies and in measuring the net effects of crime control strategies or policies. Furthermore, the tendency towards a progressive concentration of crime in certain neighbourhoods may be studied.


Author(s):  
Johan Burger

The South African Police Service (SAPS) released the official crime statistics for 2008/2009 on 22 September 2009. As usual the statistics drew huge media and public interest. This article provides an overview of the key trends and offers an analysis of the statistics. Key trends include that the overall crime rate, after a five-year respite in which there was a downward trend, is on the increase; as are the so-called 'trio crimes'  (house robberies, business robberies and car hijackings) and truck hijackings. This article briefly considers the controversy around the validity of the police's crime statistics and notes a few lessons from Colombia.


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