Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin profile of shellfish from Southern Atlantic coasts of Morocco

During the monitoring program of phycotoxins conducted in 2005 and 2006, lipophilic shellÃ‚Â fish toxins (LSTs) are involved in shellfish toxicity phenomena in the South Atlantic Moroccan coasts (Dakhla region). Toxicity was assessed by the traditional mouse bioassay (MBA); the content and the nature of the toxic components were established through Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The Ã¢â‚¬ËœtraditionalÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ DSP toxins group, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysitoxins (DTXs) and their associated esters were exclusives contaminants of DakhlaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s shellfish (mussels, cockles, oysters and solen). Pectenotoxins, yessotoxins, and azaspiracids were not detected during this study. A survey of the phytoplankton community in the surrounding seawater revealed the presence of several potentially toxic species from the Dinophysis genus.

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Quantification of lipophilic toxins associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in Japanese bivalves by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and comparison with mouse bioassay

Fisheries Science ◽

10.1111/j.1444-2906.2005.01104.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 1370-1378 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Toshiyuki SUZUKI ◽

Taketo JIN ◽

Yuri SHIROTA ◽

Tadashi MITSUYA ◽

Yutaka OKUMURA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Mouse Bioassay ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Shellfish Poisoning ◽

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Lipophilic Toxins

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Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Shellfish Tissue by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorometric and Mass Spectrometric Detection

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/78.2.555 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 555-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Michael A Quilliam

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Fluorometric Detection ◽

Shellfish Poisoning ◽

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽

Mussel Tissue ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Volumetric Errors ◽

Dsp Toxins

Abstract Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is a severe gastrointestinal illness caused by consumption of shellfish contaminated with toxigenic dinoflagellates. The main toxins responsible for DSP are okadaic acid (OA), DTX-1, DTX-2, and DTX-3, the latter being a complex mixture of 7-O-acyl derivatives of the first 3. In this study, existing methods based on liquid chromatography (LC) combined with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and LC with fluorometric detection (LC–FLD) of anthryldiazomethane (ADAM) derivatives were improved upon to achieve a high degree of accuracy and precision for the determination of DSP toxins in a new mussel tissue reference material (MUS-2). All experimental parameters were examined comprehensively, and a new internal standard and a new solid-phase extraction cleanup method were introduced. Quantitative extraction of DSP toxins from shellfish tissue was achieved by exhaustive extraction with aqueous 80% methanol. Cleanup was accomplished by partitioning the crude aqueous methanol extract with hexane to remove lipids and then with chloroform to isolate the toxins. A further cleanup based on an aminopropylsilica column was useful for LC-MS and looks promising for the ADAM/LC-FLD method. The internal standard, 7-O-acetylokadaic acid, synthesized by partial acetylation of OA, improved accuracy and precision by correcting for incomplete recoveries in extraction, cleanup, and derivatization steps and for volumetric errors and instrumental drift. An improved silica cleanup after ADAM derivatization also was developed by controlling the activities of both sorbent and solvents. The methods were tested with various mussel tissue samples. The resulting improved methods will be useful to analysts involved in routine monitoring of DSP tox ins.

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A Survey of Shellfish Toxicity in the Central Adriatic Sea

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400044751 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 745-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ivona Marasović ◽

Živana Ninčević ◽

Maja Pavela-Vrančič ◽

Stjepan Orhanović

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

Adriatic Sea ◽

Shellfish Poisoning ◽

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽

High Concentration ◽

Toxic Species ◽

Bio Assay ◽

Long Term Survey

The first data substantiating the occurrence of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in the central region of the Adriatic Sea (Kaštela Bay) in the summer of 1995 is presented. Toxicity was investigated using bio-assay and HPLC-FD analysis. Analysis of samples displaying toxicity, in addition to small concentrations of okadaic acid (OA), suggested the presence of an unknown derivatized compound at high concentration. A long term survey of the phytoplankton community has been conducted. The origin of mussel toxicity was traced to Dinophysis sacculus, a suspected toxic species.

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