A Survey of Shellfish Toxicity in the Central Adriatic Sea

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Marasović ◽  
Živana Ninčević ◽  
Maja Pavela-Vrančič ◽  
Stjepan Orhanović
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Bio Assay ◽  
Long Term Survey

The first data substantiating the occurrence of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in the central region of the Adriatic Sea (Kaštela Bay) in the summer of 1995 is presented. Toxicity was investigated using bio-assay and HPLC-FD analysis. Analysis of samples displaying toxicity, in addition to small concentrations of okadaic acid (OA), suggested the presence of an unknown derivatized compound at high concentration. A long term survey of the phytoplankton community has been conducted. The origin of mussel toxicity was traced to Dinophysis sacculus, a suspected toxic species.

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin profile of shellfish from Southern Atlantic coasts of Morocco

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Rachid Abouabdellaha ◽  
Asmae Bennouna ◽  
Jaouad El Attar ◽  
Katrin Erler ◽  
Mina Dellal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Surrounding Seawater ◽  
Dsp Toxins

During the monitoring program of phycotoxins conducted in 2005 and 2006, lipophilic shell fish toxins (LSTs) are involved in shellfish toxicity phenomena in the South Atlantic Moroccan coasts (Dakhla region). Toxicity was assessed by the traditional mouse bioassay (MBA); the content and the nature of the toxic components were established through Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The ‘traditional’ DSP toxins group, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysitoxins (DTXs) and their associated esters were exclusives contaminants of Dakhla’s shellfish (mussels, cockles, oysters and solen). Pectenotoxins, yessotoxins, and azaspiracids were not detected during this study. A survey of the phytoplankton community in the surrounding seawater revealed the presence of several potentially toxic species from the Dinophysis genus.

scholarly journals Analysis of Manganese Bioaccumulated in Mediterranean Blue Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Bay of Mali Ston (Adriatic Sea, Croatia) during Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Nenad Vuletić ◽  
Jelena Lušić ◽  
Ivana Anđelić
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxicity was revealed in the Mediterranean blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Bay of Mali Ston, in the south part of the Eastern Adriatic Sea, through the Croatian National Monitoring Programme in the period from January until June of 2011. A survey of DSP toxicity within the frame of regular controls carried out through the mouse bioassay (MBA, at the time the official method for DSP toxins) demonstrated that in some incidents, positive MBA, which manifested by the atypical symptomatology of the animals, dominated. Additional studies were done to explain the atypical results of the conducted biological tests at the time. In the current study, the bioaccumulated manganese concentration in the soft tissues of mussels was measured to investigate its influence on the MBA results. In both DSP negative and DSP positive samples, which were prepared for the analysis according to the modified US EPA 3052 method, the concentration of the bioaccumulated manganese was performed on the atomic absorption spectrometer using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy technique. The analysis revealed higher concentration of manganese in 87% of DSP positive samples and the expressed per wet weight ranged from 0.15 to 5.38 mg kg−1. The mean concentration of manganese for all DSP positive samples was 1.78 mg kg−1, while for DSP negative samples, it was 48% lower (0.93 mg kg−1). The highest concentration of manganese in DSP positive samples was measured in February 2011. Since the low concentrations of lipophilic biotoxins gymnodimines (GYMs) and spirolides (SPXs) were also detected in the analysed DSP positive samples in the parallel studies, the results obtained in this study suggest future investigations of the connection between the concentration of manganese and lipophilic biotoxins.

scholarly journals Lipophilic Toxin Profile in Mytilus galloprovincialis during Episodes of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) in the N.E. Adriatic Sea in 2006

Molecules ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 888-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivana Nincevic Gladan ◽  
Ivana Ujevic ◽  
Anna Milandri ◽  
Ivona Marasovic ◽  
Alfiero Ceredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning

scholarly journals Phytoplankton of the northern coastal and shelf waters of the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Gulf of Mexico, Mexico

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fany Del Carmen Merino-Virgilio ◽  
Yuri B. Okolodkov ◽  
Ana C. Aguilar-Trujillo ◽  
Jorge A. Herrera- Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Centric Diatoms ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Based on long-term monitoring (2001-2012) and four oceanographic cruises (2010-2012) in the coastal and shelf waters of the Yucatan Peninsula, SE Gulf of Mexico, a list of 306 strictly phytoplanktonic and tychoplanktonic species from 131 genera is presented: centric diatoms (83 species), raphid diatoms (47), araphid diatoms (22), Dinoflagellata (124), Cyanoprokaryota (18), Ebriacea (2), Chlorophyceae (3), Dictyochophyceae (2), Euglenophyceae (2), Cryptophyceae (1), Prymnesiophyceae (1), and Raphidophyceae (1). Diatoms also dominated the number of genera (80) followed by dinoflagellates (39) and cyanobacteria (11). The genera most abundant in species were Chaetoceros Ehrenb. (23 species), Protoperidinium Bergh (23) and Ceratium Schrank (17). The relative richness in species of the genus Oxytoxum (11 species) is related to the tropical affiliation of the phytoplankton community. Most of the tychoplanktonic diatoms (57 species out of a total of 152 diatoms, or 37.5%) were observed principally from coastal samplings. Eighteen potentially toxic species were found.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton Time-Series in a LTER Site of the Adriatic Sea: Methodological Approach to Decipher Community Structure and Indicative Taxa

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Ivano Vascotto ◽  
Patricija Mozetič ◽  
Janja Francé
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Nearshore Environments ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Selection Of

In the shallow and landlocked northeast Adriatic Sea, environmental factors have changed in recent decades. Their influence on seasonal and inter-annual variability of phytoplankton has been documented in the recent literature. Here, we decipher the long-term variability of phytoplankton phenology at a Long-Term Ecological Research site (Gulf of Trieste, Slovenia). Structural changes in the phytoplankton community (period 2005–2017) were analysed using a multivariate protocol based on Bayesian clustering. The protocol was modified from the literature to fit the needs of the study, using correspondence analysis and k-means clustering. A novel index for ordination and selection of taxa based on frequency and evenness was developed. The Total Inertia analysis showed that this index better preserved the available information. Typical seasonal assemblages were highlighted by applying the Indicative Value index in conjunction with likelihood ratio values. We obtained a rough picture of the seasonal separation of the diatom-dominated community from the mixed community and a refined picture of the phenology of the assemblages and bloom events. The spring diatom peak proved to be inconstant and short-lived, while the autumn bloom was generally long and diverse. As expected for nearshore environments, the average life span of the assemblages was found to be short-periodic (2–4 months). The second part of the year and the last part of the series were more prone to changes in terms of typical assemblages.

Increase associated risk of gynaecological cancer due to long-term exposure to high concentration of atmospheric SO2 industrial pollutant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110036
Author(s):  
Qian Xu ◽  
Chan Lu ◽  
Rachael Gakii Murithi ◽  
Lanqin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Time Windows ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Gynaecological Cancer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽  
Control Study

A cohort case–control study was conducted in XiangYa Hospital, Changsha, China, which involved 305 patients and 399 healthy women, from June 2010 to December 2018, to evaluate the association between Chinese women’s short- and long-term exposure to industrial air pollutant, SO2 and gynaecological cancer (GC). We obtained personal and family information from the XiangYa Hospital electronic computer medical records. Using data obtained from the air quality monitoring stations in Changsha, we estimated each woman’s exposure to the industrial air pollutant, sulphur dioxide (SO2), for different time windows, including the past 1, 5, 10 and 15 years before diagnosis of the disease. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association between GC and SO2 exposure. GC was significantly associated with long-term SO2 exposure, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.56 (1.10–2.21) and 1.81 (1.07–3.06) for a per interquartile range increase in the past 10 and 15 years, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that different groups reacted in different ways to long-term SO2 exposure. We concluded that long-term exposure to high concentration of industrial pollutant, SO2 is associated with the development of GC. This finding has implications for the prevention and reduction of GC.

scholarly journals The Struggle of Ash—Insights from Long-Term Survey in Latvia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Ilze Matisone ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Āris Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Local Density ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Long Term Survey

The dieback of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has dramatically decreased the abundance of the species in Europe; however, tolerance of trees varies regionally. The tolerance of trees is considered to be a result of synergy of genetic and environmental factors, suggesting an uneven future potential of populations. This also implies that wide extrapolations would be biased and local information is needed. Survival of ash during 2005–2020, as well as stand- and tree-level variables affecting them was assessed based on four surveys of 15 permanent sampling plots from an eastern Baltic region (Latvia) using an additive model. Although at the beginning of dieback a relatively low mortality rate was observed, it increased during the 2015–2020 period, which was caused by dying of the most tolerant trees, though single trees have survived. In the studied stands, ash has been gradually replaced by other local tree species, though some recruitment of ash was locally observed, implying formation of mixed broadleaved stands with slight ash admixture. The survival of trees was related to tree height and position within a stand (relative height and local density), though the relationships were nonlinear, indicating presence of critical conditions. Regarding temporal changes, survival rapidly dropped during the first 16 years, stabilizing at a relatively low level. Although low recruitment of ash still implies plummeting economic importance of the species, the observed responses of survival, as well as the recruitment, imply potential to locally improve the survival of ash via management (tending), hopefully providing time for natural resistance to develop.

scholarly journals Self-buffering capacity of a human sulfatase for central nervous system delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wen ◽  
Nazila Salamat-Miller ◽  
Keethkumar Jain ◽  
Katherine Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Enzymes ◽  
Intrathecal Space

AbstractDirect delivery of therapeutic enzymes to the Central Nervous System requires stringent formulation design. Not only should the formulation design consider the delicate balance of existing ions, proteins, and osmolality in the cerebrospinal fluid, it must also provide long term efficacy and stability for the enzyme. One fundamental approach to this predicament is designing formulations with no buffering species. In this study, we report a high concentration, saline-based formulation for a human sulfatase for its delivery into the intrathecal space. A high concentration formulation (≤ 40 mg/mL) was developed through a series of systematic studies that demonstrated the feasibility of a self-buffered formulation for this molecule. The self-buffering capacity phenomenon was found to be a product of both the protein itself and potentially the residual phosphates associated with the protein. To date, the self-buffered formulation for this molecule has been stable for up to 4 years when stored at 5 ± 3 °C, with no changes either in the pH values or other quality attributes of the molecule. The high concentration self-buffered protein formulation was also observed to be stable when exposed to multiple freeze–thaw cycles and was robust during in-use and agitation studies.

scholarly journals Long Term Memory Outcome of Repetitive, Low-Level Dietary Exposure to Domoic Acid in Native Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3955
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Grattan ◽  
Laura Kaddis ◽  
J. Kate Tracy ◽  
John Glenn Morris
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Small Decline ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Domoic acid (DA) is a marine-based neurotoxin that, if ingested via tainted shellfish, is associated with Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP). These acute effects of elevated DA exposure in humans have been well described. In contrast, the long-term impacts of lower level, repetitive, presumably safe doses of DA (less than 20 ppm) are minimally known. Since Native Americans (NA) residing in coastal communities of the Pacific NW United States are particularly vulnerable to DA exposure, this study focuses on the long-term, 8-year memory outcome associated with their repeated dietary consumption of the neurotoxin. Measures of razor clam consumption, memory, clerical speed and accuracy, and depression were administered over eight years to 500 randomly selected adult NA men and women ages 18–64. Data were analyzed using GEE analyses taking into consideration the year of study, demographic factors, and instrumentation in examining the association between dietary exposure and outcomes. Findings indicated a significant but small decline in total recall memory within the context of otherwise stable clerical speed and accuracy and depression scores. There is reason to believe that a continuum of memory difficulties may be associated with DA exposure, rather than a unitary ASP syndrome.

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