Victorian and Edwardian Jewish Doctors

2003 ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
John Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
The University ◽  
Middle Class Families

This chapter discusses Jewish doctors of the Victorian and Edwardian period, demonstrating why there were so few of them in England in comparison with their numbers in Continental Europe. If Jews wanted a higher education in the early Victorian period, they had to go to the University of London; elsewhere there were restrictions on the admission of Jews to the universities. Mindful, no doubt, of the potential obstacles, Jewish parents in lower-middle-class families as well as from the Anglo-Jewish elite remained reluctant to allow their sons to study medicine. Accordingly, the number of Jewish doctors remained small in Victorian England, both within and outside London. Notwithstanding some antisemitism facing Jews trying to obtain hospital posts in the mid-nineteenth century, English and Welsh society was more open in the late Victorian and Edwardian years than it was to be between the two world wars, and a number of Jews rose to eminence in the medical profession, holding appointments as consultants in the London teaching hospitals and elsewhere.

‘Staying on’: The Effects of Recent Changes in Educational Participation for 17–19 Year-Olds in Norway and Scotland

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torild Hammer ◽  
Andy Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Disadvantaged Youth ◽  
Educational Participation ◽  
Middle Class Families

In this paper we consider some of the implications of the growth of educational participation for the labour market integration of young people between the ages of 17 and 19 in Norway and Scotland. In particular, we focus on the experiences of disadvantaged youth and assess the extent to which they benefit from participation in post-compulsory schooling. We argue that in terms of success on the labour market, post-compulsory secondary education is only beneficial to those intending to continue into Higher Education. We demonstrate the existence of persistent inequalities among ‘non-traditional stayers’, and show that despite greater access to post-compulsory education, young people from middle class families still retain important advantages in both Norway and Scotland. However, we argue that in Scotland, females and those from less advantaged social positions are more disadvantaged than their Norwegian counterparts.

scholarly journals ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN BRAZILIAN LOWER-MIDDLE-CLASS

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA PAULA S. C. MIOTTO ◽  
JURACY PARENTE
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Retail Company ◽  
Middle Class Families

Through two complementary and exploratory studies – one qualitative and one quantitative – this research aims to understand the ways in which lower-middle-class families in Brazil manage their household finances. The study proposes an integrated framework that brings together various previously disconnected theoretical fragments. Based on a survey with a sample of 165 lower-middle-class female consumers of a retail company in São Paulo, we explored and tested, via a quantitative study, how antecedents such as personal characteristics affect the financial management process, as well as its consequences, either negatively as defaults or positively as savings. The model calibration and analysis were derived from a series of regression analyses. The results revealed the mediator role that financial management plays in the relationship between personal characteristics and defaults and savings. Compared to previous studies with consumers of more affluent countries, we identified peculiar findings among Brazilian lower-middle-class consumers: inadequate attention to control, weak or no focus on short- or long-range planning, widespread absence of budget surplus, and influence of critical events on episodes of default.

Furniture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scott
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Consumer Durables ◽  
Advertising Campaign ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
National Advertising ◽  
Early Success ◽  
Consumer Durable ◽  
Middle Class Families

New furniture was the first consumer durable to be successfully diffused to a mass (middle- and working-class) market in Britain. This chapter charts how a small number of furniture retailers pioneered many of the techniques used to create British mass markets for consumer durables. The key innovator was Benjamin Drage, who devised a successful formula to sell suites of new furniture, and the consumer credit used to purchase them, to ‘Mr Everyman’, using a revolutionary national advertising campaign. Drage’s spectacular early success is shown to have inspired emulation and adaption not just by furniture retailers, but by suppliers of other consumer durables. This chapter shows how furniture retailers managed to convince millions of working-and lower-middle-class families that buying their furniture new and furnishing out of income was not only practicable but constituted the cornerstone of modern aspirational lifestyles.

Gender, Medicine, and Consumer Culture in Victorian England: Creating the Kleptomaniac

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Retail Crime ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Class Woman

In his Crime and Society in England 1750-1900 Clive Emsley notes that “for England the subject of the middle-class woman ‘kleptomaniac,’ as opposed to the working-class woman ‘thief,’ awaits an historian,” and casts doubt on the significance of the respectable shoplifter in England. However, not only is there ample evidence that middle-class shoplifting was a rising concern in Victorian England, it is a key example of the way in which gender ideology and medical science were constructed to solve a commercial and legal problem. Early in the nineteenth century, a respectable woman accused of shoplifting only had the option of denying her crime and blaming the shopkeeper; however, as the number of middle-class women committing retail crimes such as shoplifting and fraud increased, the issue of representation in the nineteenth century became more complicated. Woman’s role as aggressive consumer and her role in retail crime clashed with her home-centered image. In trials, canting ballads, and scathing articles, critics presented an image of the retail female criminal as greedy, fraudulent, and middle-class. Women fought against this image by denying their crimes or by participating in the creation of the developing representation of criminal women as ill rather than greedy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document