Mothers and Children in Ottoman Jewish Society as Reflected in Hebrew Sources of the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-102
Author(s):  
Ruth Lamdan
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Family Stability ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Mothers And Children

This chapter investigates an array of Ottoman Hebrew sources written following the expulsion from Spain in 1492 and focuses on the interplay between rabbinic sages and mothers in the arena of family law and relationships. It explains how the Ottoman Hebrew sources offer a more nuanced view of family life in Ottoman Jewish culture. It also examines how mothers are associated with childbirth and childrearing, as well as how they are portrayed as women who took the initiative in their role as mothers with respect to marriage, divorce, levirate marriage, and the financial stability of their family and children. The chapter considers Hebrew that honours mothers and acknowledges the active role that mothers assumed in maintaining family stability at times of crisis. It recounts families who were torn apart and forced to abandon their homes and join Jewish communities outside Spain in the period after the expulsion.

Family Law and Social Change: Judicial Views of Joint Custody, 1998–2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 723-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Artis ◽  
Andrew V. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Joint Custody ◽  
Lower Court ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Political Party Affiliation ◽  
Depth Interviews

Rapid changes in family life over the last forty years have led to substantial alterations in family law policy; specifically, most states now endorse joint custody arrangements for divorcing families. However, we know little about how lower court judges have embraced or resisted this change. We conducted in‐depth interviews with judges in twenty‐five Indiana jurisdictions in 1998 and 2011. Our findings suggest that judges' views of joint custody dramatically changed. Judges in Wave II indicated a strong preference for joint custody—a theme that was relatively absent in Wave I. The observed change in judicial preferences did not seem to be related to judicial replacement, gender, age, or political party affiliation. Although our conclusions are exploratory, we speculate that shifts in judicial views may be related to changing public mores of parenthood and, relatedly, Indiana's adoption of Parenting Time Guidelines in 2001.

Towards Uniformity of Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-200
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Separate Family

The chapter locates the PWDVA in the context of India’s multiple, religion-specific personal laws. It underlies three factors that allow PWDVA to establish common standards governing family life, despite un-common or separate family laws. First, the religion-neutral framing of the PWDVA and the judges’ understanding of domestic violence as a universal phenomenon cutting across religion. Second, though the DV Act concerns violence, it is designed essentially to protect the economic interests of women, which enables the Act to enter the domain of family law. And third, judges’ understanding that women face the same economic difficulties when their marriages break down, irrespective of religion. Focusing on the issue of maintenance, the chapter demonstrates, that the PWDVA because of the above three factors, allows judges to focus on their sameness rather than difference, and create common standards on maintenance irrespective of religion of the parties.

The Politics of Commemoration and Reorientation

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Tina Frühauf
Keyword(s):  
Turning Points ◽  
The State ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Foreign Politics ◽  
Steep Decline

The year 1988 saw the fiftieth anniversary of Kristallnacht and 1989 the fall of the Wall. During these years the Leipziger Synagogalchor’s national and international performances and exposure reached an all-time peak. But these years also marked other turning points. The year 1988 was the last year the choir officially functioned as Chor des Verbandes, though as representative of Jewish culture it continued to cater to the GDR’s increasing fixation with foreign politics. Indeed, the choir traveled westward multiple times, with tours to the other Germany in 1988 and 1989. It thus aided the state’s attempts to transmit the image of an antifascist society with a vibrant Jewish culture. In reality, the choir’s ever more dominant presence paralleled a steep decline of the Jewish communities, a situation the state was fully aware of.

Domesticating the Nineteenth-Century American City

Prospects ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 531-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Stein Wortman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Women's Clubs ◽  
American City ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Woman's Work ◽  
The City

In 1916, Mary Beard, the historian and progressive activist, advanced the thesis that women shared an equal role with men in directing the great social forces that determined the quality of life in cities. In a compendium of Woman's Work in Municipalities, she demonstrated that every action supported by women's clubs and groups, ranging from improved wages and working conditions to vice control, was a part of an effort to make the city a viable environment for carrying on family life. In describing the process that led women to take an active role in sanitation reform Mary Beard wrote:Woman's historic function having been along the line of cleanliness, her instinct when she looks forth from her own clean windows is toward public cleanliness. Her indoor battle has been against the dirt that blew in from outside, against the dust and ashes of the streets, and the particles of germladen matter carried in from neglected refuse piles. Ultimately she begins to take an interest in that portion of municipal dusting and sweeping assigned to men; namely street cleaning.

Who Are to Be the Successors of European Jewry? The Restitution of German Jewish Communal and Cultural Property

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Lustig
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Life ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
The World ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
Archival Practices

Who are to be the successors of European Jewry? This question faced Jewish leaders after the Holocaust, in terms both legal – inheriting heirless property – as well as spiritual – carrying forward Jewish culture. Looted Jewish property was never merely a matter of inheritance. Instead, disputes revolved around the future of Jewish life. While Jewish restitution organizations sought control of former communal property to use around the world, some German-Jewish émigrés and survivors in Germany sought to establish themselves as direct successors to former Jewish communities and institutions. Such debates set the stage and the stakes for mass archival transfer to Israel/Palestine in the 1950s. The fate of the German Jewish communal archives highlights the nature of postwar restitution debates as proxy for the issue of the continuation of Jewish culture and history, calling into question the nature of restitution itself. As opposed to policies of proportional allocation to meet the needs of radically diminished Jewish communities, wholesale transfer of archives reflected a belief in a radical rupture in German Jewish existence as well as Israel’s position as successor to European Jewry. The fate of the archives, which broke with archival practices of provenance, concretized and validated the historical rupture represented by the Holocaust.

Adultery in early Anglo-Saxon society: Æthelberht 31 in comparison with continental Germanic law

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore John Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Marriage And Family

As in other societies, adultery was a punishable offence among the Germanic peoples. Although it is a topic which has commanded considerable attention, it has been given attention not so much because it deals with family law and its significance to social history, as because it concerns the treatment of women. But closely related to the question of women, of course, is that of how men view each other. Even as early as Tacitus, evidence exists that Germanic women were treated with respect, and were subject to the protection or mundium of male relatives. Although exaggerated, the account in the Germania gives us some understanding of the role of Germanic women in respect of betrothal, marriage and family life. But it also leaves us with questions to which we most likely will never find answers.

scholarly journals Family stability as a moderator of the relationship between family life changes and sleep behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Malatras ◽  
Ilana Luft ◽  
Karen Sokolowski ◽  
Allen Israel
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Family Stability ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Life After a Sports Career: the Case of Polish Ex-fencers

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Kucharska ◽  
Stanisław Witold Kłopot
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Family Stability ◽  
Amateur Athletes ◽  
Polish Society

Abstract The present study focuses on the issue of the achievement of stability in life by former amateur fencers in the context of post-communist Polish society. The main aim of the study was an analysis of non-sport spheres of life of former fencers, such as occupation, material situation, family life, and health. The sample consisted of 51 former Polish fencers. A diagnostic survey was conducted with the use of the questionnaire technique. It was revealed that the subjects successfully achieved social stability after they retired from sports. However, since they had been amateur athletes, they had been forced to choose appropriate strategies and actions during their sports careers to ensure professional, economic, and family stability in their future lives. Those who experienced difficulties in combining the role of athlete with other social roles were most often forced to give up fencing. The former fencers observe a multidirectional impact of sports on all aspects of their lives.

Fixing families of mobile children: Recreating kinship and belonging among Maasai adoptees in Kenya

Childhood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Archambault
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Modern Family

Among the Maasai of southern Kenya, child circulation in the form of adoption is widespread. It persists despite increased family nuclearization and pervasive sedentarizing discourses depicting ‘modern’ family life as small, settled and nuclear. Through the perspectives and experiences of 10 families having undergone adoption, this article examines the processes by which parents and children attempt to recreate kinship and foster belonging. Emphasis on children’s sentiments and actions not only demonstrate children’s active role in the making and unmaking of kinship but also their resistance to development ideals of family and residential fixity.

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