ECOLOGICAL LAND CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING OF YAZILI CANYON NATURE PARK IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION, TURKEY / EKOLOGINIS TURKIJOS VIDURŽEMIO JŪROS REGIONO YAZILI KANJONO GAMTINIO PARKO ŽEMIŲ KLASIFIKAVIMAS IR KARTOGRAFAVIMAS / ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ЗЕМЛИ И КАРТОГРАФИЯ КАНЬОНА УАЗИЛИ ВНАЦИОНАЛЬНОМ ПАРКЕ СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРСКОГО РЕГИОНА ТУРЦИИ

Author(s):  
Kursad Ozkan ◽  
Ahmet Mert

Distinction of lands corresponding to hierarchical sequences of plant communities means hierarchical classification of ecosystems. In this context, it is essential in determining of effective environmental characteristics at each different hierarchic level of vegetation distinction. Thus, a hierarchical mapping including ecological land units can be provided owing to comparison of same hierarchical level of vegetation classes with the land units marked at the hierarchical level of the map. The study was carried out in order to classify and map hierarchically Yazili Canyon Nature Park situated in the Mediterranean region, Turkey. 107 sample plots were selected. TWINSPAN (the two-way indicator test) was applied in order to divide land into units, and chi-square tests were applied for confirmation of the units. Interspesific correlation analysis was also applied to determine the indicator species at each level of division. As a result, six portions were defined at different hierarchical levels in Yazili Canyon Nature Park. Climatic heterogeneity – which originated from the heterogeneous landscape structure of the canyon – plays an important role in this separation. Santrauka Hierarchinis augalijos pasiskirstymas vietovėje lemia hierarchinę augalijos klasifikaciją. Svarbu nustatyti efektyvias aplinkos apsaugos charakteristikas kiekviename hierarchiniame augalijos lygmenyje. Tyrimas vyko siekiant atlikti hierarchinę ekosistemos klasifikaciją ir sukurti hierarchinį Turkijos Viduržemio jūros regiono Yazili kanjono gamtinio parko žemėlapį. Pasirinkta 107 ploteliai. Skirstant į tam tikrus vienetus, dviem būdais taikytas indikacinis testas (TWINSPAN), vienetai įvertinti pagal chi kvadrato testą. Abipusės koreliacijos būdu kiekviename lygmenyje nustatyta indikacinės rūšys. Pagal tai skirtinguose Yazili kanjono gamtinio parko hierarchiniuose lygiuose apibrėžtos šešios dalys. Skirstymui didelę įtaką turėjo tokio tipo vietovei būdingas klimato heterogeniškumas, kurį lemia kanjonui būdingas aplinkos heterogeniškumas. Резюме Уникальность местности зависит от иерархического распределения растительности или иерархической классификации экосистемы. В этом контексте важно установить эффективные природоохранные характеристики для каждого иерархического уровня растительности. Настоящим исследованием преследовалась цель классифицировать экосистему и создать иерархическую карту каньона Уазили в Национальном парке Средиземноморского регионаТурции. Для этого были выбраны 107 участков. Два способа индикаторного теста TWINSPAN предназначалисьдля распределения по определенным единицам, а тест квадрата chi – для оценки этих единиц. Интерспецифическая корреляция была приспособлена для выявления индикаторных видов на каждом уровне. В результате былиустановлены шесть частей на разных иерархических уровнях каньона Уазили в Национальном парке. Гетерогенность ландшафтного климата, происходящая из характерного для каньона гетерогенного ландшафта, оказываетбольшое влияние на такое распределение.

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Marcenò ◽  
Riccardo Guarino ◽  
Ladislav Mucina ◽  
Idoia Biurrun ◽  
Ulrich Deil ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Danijela Kuna ◽  
Matej Babić ◽  
Mateja Očić

The aim of the present study was to examine the structure of an expert model of exercises designed to eliminate the Lack of specific ski movement mistake in short ski turn, as well as offer a hierarchical classification of the expert model. For this purpose, a two-stage research was conducted. During the first stage of the research the exercises with the purpose of Lack of specific ski movement mistake elimination were designed by 20 skiing experts aged 25 to 45. By means of email and coordinated by the paper author, the experts first designed a model of 14 methodical exercises and subsequently selected the five most relevant ones, ranking them on a scale from 1 to 5. A nonparametric chi - square test (χ2) was used. The research showed there was no significant variation across the experts’eval-uation of the five most important methodical exercises (χ2 = 21,69; p = 0,06). The expert model of the most important methodical exercises for the Lack of specific ski movement mistake correction thus includes the following: Holding a ski stick under the handle, Jump turns, Hands on hips, Unbuttoned ski boots and Ski poles in vertical position in forwards. 307 skiing professionals of various levels of expertise participated in the second stage of the research, whose aim was to classify the Lack of specific ski movement mistake elimi-nation exercises. The participants’task was to rank the exercises based on their relevance. Total amounts of rank sums (ΣR) were calculated, the Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test) was car-ried out, and the corresponding levels of significance (p) were recorded, for the purpose of comparing the significance of diversity between rank sums and the expert model. The sta-tistically significant difference was found between the rank sums (ΣR) of the most eficient exercises for the Lack of specific ski movement mistake correction (H = 198,19; p < 0,001). The results obtained in the two stages of the research provide valuable insights regarding the methods of short ski turns. The hierarchical classification of the most important method-ical corrective exercises obtained from ski teachers and professionals with different levels of education and expertise yields accurate and precise data about corrective methodical exercises in the process of studying short ski turn. Any further research regarding the same object should evaluate the designed expert model of the most important methodical exer-cises, as well as their hierarchical classification, across different groups of participants.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Ryzhikova ◽  
V.G. Borovskii

Subject. The article explores the economic component of sustainable development through the classification of industries from the perspective of assigning the output goods to fixed or current assets, using different types of resources and assessing their condition. It considers factors of production affecting the achievement of the result and determining the development of economic systems at the meso- and micro-hierarchical level. Objectives. The aim is to assess the function of economic systems of different hierarchical levels on the tool-making facilities case. Methods. We apply an approach using general and special methods of comparative and statistical analysis, synthesis and analogies. Results. The paper analyzes the development of the Russian tool-making industry on the basis of resource-oriented approach to assess the functioning of economic systems at various levels. We review interrelations between resource use efficiency, types of sustainable development of economic systems at various hierarchical levels and strategic security of the country. Conclusions. Any development can be considered sustainable, if there is an increment in the intensive development of economic systems at all three levels.


2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Perennou ◽  
Coralie Beltrame ◽  
Anis Guelmami ◽  
Pere Tomàs Vives ◽  
Pierre Caessteker

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