Instability and Uncertainty Are Critical for Psychotherapy: How the Therapeutic Alliance Opens Us Up

Tschacher and Haken have recently applied a systems-based approach to modeling psychotherapy process in terms of potentially beneficial tendencies toward deterministic as well as chaotic forms of change in the client’s behavioral, cognitive and affective experience during the course of therapy. A chaotic change process refers to a greater exploration of the states that a client can be in, and it may have a potential positive role to play in their development. A distinction is made between on the one hand, specific instances of instability which are due to techniques employed by the therapist, and on the other, a more general instability which is due to the therapeutic relationship, and a key, necessary result of a successful therapeutic alliance. Drawing on Friston’s systems-based model of free energy minimization and predictive coding, it is proposed here that the increase in the instability of a client’s functioning due to therapy can be conceptualized as a reduction in the precisions (certainty) with which the client’s prior beliefs about themselves and their world, are held. It is shown how a good therapeutic alliance (characterized by successful interpersonal synchrony of the sort described by Friston and Frith) results in the emergence of a new hierarchical level in the client’s generative model of themselves and their relationship with the world. The emergence of this new level of functioning permits the reduction of the precisions of the client’s priors, which allows the client to ‘open up’: to experience thoughts, emotions and experiences they did not have before. It is proposed that this process is a necessary precursor to change due to psychotherapy. A good consilience can be found between this approach to understanding the role of the therapeutic alliance, and the role of epistemic trust in psychotherapy as described by Fonagy and Allison. It is suggested that beneficial forms of instability in clients are an underappreciated influence on psychotherapy process, and thoughts about the implications, as well as situations in which instability may not be beneficial (or potentially harmful) for therapy, are considered.

Industrial area environmental monitoring based on transducers with MODBUS communication

The monitoring of environmental parameters in industrial areas where potential sources of pollution exist is very important from the point of view of prevention of environmental accidents. In this paper, we propose a solution for the monitoring of the environmental parameters with the local acquisition through specific environmental and movement sensors and data transmission to a higher hierarchical level through the use of MODBUS communications. A flexible hardware structure and software development concept are presented to offer local information and to be integrated into an environmental quality monitoring network.

Realizing a Child Friendly City as Protection towards Children in Indonesia

The future of human civilization are in the hand of children nowadays. In order to. In order to deliver the better future human civilization the government should create a friendly place for children to live on and growth. By that the government of Indonesia has created the regulations where the focus are to protect the rights of the children. In this research aims to know how far the regulations of child-friendly city in the law regulations have reached. This research uses a normative juridical approach, by examining the regulation of a child-friendly city through the laws and regulations. The data analyzed is secondary data in the form of doctrine or opinion of constitutional law experts, and books, including scientific journals, primary data in the form of UUD 1945 and the law regulations. The data obtained were analyzed deductively and thoroughly by using the low systematic research and the hierarchical level of the low regulations. From the research results, it is found that the Government has made efforts in developing Child Friendly City. Facilitated by the relevant law regulations that are built on the basis of commitment from each network actor to create a Child Friendly City so the policy can run effectively, efficiently and on target. with the character of each related institution in each child protection program, creating the opportunity for the creation of a child-friendly city by accepting ideas and suggestion for the policy of Child Friendly City to build the same perception..

Differentiation of forest vegetation across bioclimatic sector border (western part of the West Sayan Ridge)

A detailed description of the forests of the northern and southern macroslopes of western part of the West Sayan Ridge has been performed and differences in their forest vegetation have been analyzed. Along the West Sayan Ridge watershed, the important botanical and geographical boundary of the Altai-Sayan Mountains occurs. Its northern macroslope belongs to the humid bioclimatic sector; bioclimatic conditions throughout the southern macroslope vary in its different parts: the central and eastern parts are resided in the semihumid sector, while the western one is settled in the «rain shadow», where vegetation is similar to the semiarid sector one. The West Sayan background vegetation type is forest. The work is based on 120 complete geobotanical relevés made by the authors in 2019 using standard methods on test plots of 20 × 20 m. These plots had been uniformly distributed on a 300-kilometer transect crossing the northern and southern macroslopes of West Sayan’s western part. After all, 9 basic units of forest communities have been revealed, 6 of them are found to be altitudinal zone forests. These plant community positions in ecological-phytocenotic and floristic classification hierarchy have been ascertained. The altitudinal allocation and areas of altitudinal zone forests have been characterized and analyzed; the scheme of altitudinal zonation has been specified; the pictures in the text illustrate those results. In West Sayan’s western part, the northern and southern macroslopes are shown to have different altitudinal zone boundary marks and a different set of forest communities: six types of forests follow each other from north to south throughout 300 km. The significant hierarchical level of syntaxonomic differences of altitudinal zone forests on northern and southern macroslopes supports the presence of a bioclimatic barrier. In ecological-phytocenotic classification hierarchy these differences are reflected by the rank of classes of formations (deciduous, dark coniferous, and light coniferous forests substitute each other); in floristic classification hierarchy – the rank of classes (the forests of Brachypodio–Betuletea, Asaro–Abitetea, Vaccinio–Piceetea, and Rhytidio–Laricetea substitute each other from north to south).

ANTAGONISM IN SYSTEM REGULATION ARTERIAL PRESSURE And ITS CHANGE after THERAPY NICERGOLINE

By the method of fractional trends, when analyzing the dynamic series of blood pressure (АД), an antagonism between the cardiac output block (CB) and the peripheral vascular resistance block (СПС) was revealed in the patient, after 12 weeks of nicergoline therapy, at the 1-3 hierarchical level of systemic regulation. At the subordinate 4-6 levels of the hierarchy, the phenomenon of antagonism was also revealed. When regulating systolic (САД) and diastolic (ДАД) blood pressure, this method revealed that nicergoline has a greater effect on the regulation of ДАД.

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN PLANNING CONFLICTS IN THE USE OF WATER RESOURCES IN BELGOROD

Sustainable development of the territory is impossible without balanced processes of anthropogenic human activity and rational use of natural resources. The problem of sufficiency and quality of water resources is relevant for the city of Belgorod. For 2021, the Belgorod region is limited by the resources of local surface and underground wastewater, with a fairly high level of municipal, agricultural and industrial consumers. The relevance of this work also lies in the increase in anthropogenic load on the natural framework, which entails a significant deterioration in the quality of surface and groundwater. In this regard, urban planning conflicts arise, which have an impact on the development of the city territory and the quality of the living environment. The research examines urban planning conflicts in the use of water resources in Belgorod. The causes of urban planning conflicts in relation to riverine territories and available water resources have been identified. The identified regulatory, property, land use, transport, social and functional urban planning conflicts are classified according to the hierarchical level, by duration, by the method of occurrence, by type of location, by the nature of manifestation. The introduction of water-saving design into the urban planning practice of the city of Belgorod is justified.

Corticothalamic Projections Gate Alpha Rhythms in the Pulvinar

Two types of corticothalamic (CT) terminals reach the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, and their distribution varies according to the hierarchical level of the cortical area they originate from. While type 2 terminals are more abundant at lower hierarchical levels, terminals from higher cortical areas mostly exhibit type 1 axons. Such terminals also evoke different excitatory postsynaptic potential dynamic profiles, presenting facilitation for type 1 and depression for type 2. As the pulvinar is involved in the oscillatory regulation between intercortical areas, fundamental questions about the role of these different terminal types in the neuronal communication throughout the cortical hierarchy are yielded. Our theoretical results support that the co-action of the two types of terminals produces different oscillatory rhythms in pulvinar neurons. More precisely, terminal types 1 and 2 produce alpha-band oscillations at a specific range of connectivity weights. Such oscillatory activity is generated by an unstable transition of the balanced state network’s properties that it is found between the quiescent state and the stable asynchronous spike response state. While CT projections from areas 17 and 21a are arranged in the model as the empirical proportion of terminal types 1 and 2, the actions of these two cortical connections are antagonistic. As area 17 generates low-band oscillatory activity, cortical area 21a shifts pulvinar responses to stable asynchronous spiking activity and vice versa when area 17 produces an asynchronous state. To further investigate such oscillatory effects through corticothalamo-cortical projections, the transthalamic pathway, we created a cortical feedforward network of two cortical areas, 17 and 21a, with CT connections to a pulvinar-like network with two cortico-recipient compartments. With this model, the transthalamic pathway propagates alpha waves from the pulvinar to area 21a. This oscillatory transfer ceases when reciprocal connections from area 21a reach the pulvinar, closing the CT loop. Taken together, results of our model suggest that the pulvinar shows a bi-stable spiking activity, oscillatory or regular asynchronous spiking, whose responses are gated by the different activation of cortico-pulvinar projections from lower to higher-order areas such as areas 17 and 21a.

A System for the Inclusion of the Informal Recycling Sector (IRS) in Mexico City’s Solid Waste Management

With 19 million inhabitants, Mexico City is the most populated agglomeration in Latin America, concentrating 30% of the national population. More than 61% of municipal solid waste (MSW) is sent to landfills, and 13% of MSW is recovered by Informal Sector Recyclers (ISRs) for recycling, which is the most crucial treatment option in the city. This article adopts a systemic approach to addressing the problem of the operationalization of relationships between ISRs and public services in Mexico City to design a recursive organizational structure with the identification of the critical roles and functions of management and governance in multi-level and multi-stakeholder relationships to integrate ISRs into MSW management. Using the Viable System Model (VSM) recursive structure to propose functional organizational structures in Mexico City is a new route for the study and application of systemic thinking in ISR integration. The VSM of the recycling system in Mexico City considers the recycling activities and characteristics of the territory at each recursion level. The authorities of the corresponding hierarchical level, who have sufficient knowledge of the physical and socioeconomic characteristics of the territory, are responsible for the design and operations.

Basic bases of calculations and optimization of NPP power unit equipment parameters methods of mathematical modelling

The materials of the article consider the optimization of certain parameters and characteristics of the equipment of NPP power units, which are closely related to the processes of their design and construction. Modern NPP power units are complex technical systems. They include a set of interconnected equipment for different technological purposes, which ensures the performance of power units of a complex function of electricity production and heat of the specified quality and according to a given load schedule. Complete mathematical models of the functional state of steam turbine power units are characterized by a large number of nonlinear connections and contain implicit functions. This complicates their widespread use to solve problems of systematic analysis of the quality of operation of power units. The aim of the work is to analyze the basic theoretical foundations, methods and approaches to the calculation and optimization of the parameters of the equipment of NPP power units by methods of mathematical modeling. The solution of the problem of optimization of NPP power unit parameters includes the following stages: selection of optimality criteria (objective functions); development of a system of interconnected mathematical models in accordance with the required hierarchical level of optimization research; selection of computational methods and optimization algorithms. Taking into account the above methodological provisions and approaches increases the efficiency of mathematical modeling to solve problems of calculations and optimization of NPP power unit parameters.