School Disaster Education in Affected Area-Collecting, Sharing, and Transfering Disaster Experiences

Abstract We investigate the impact of the US drone program in Pakistan on insurgent violence. Using details about US-Pakistan counterterrorism cooperation and geocoded violence data, we show that the program was associated with monthly reductions of around nine to thirteen insurgent attacks and fifty-one to eighty-six casualties in the area affected by the program. This change was sizable, as in the year before the program, the affected area experienced around twenty-one attacks and one hundred casualties per month. Additional quantitative and qualitative evidence suggests that this drop is attributable to the drone program. However, the damage caused in strikes during the program cannot fully account for the reduction. Instead, anticipatory effects induced by the program played a prominent role in subduing violence. These effects stemmed from the insurgents’ perception of the risk of being targeted in drone strikes; their efforts to avoid targeting severely compromised their movement and communication abilities, in addition to eroding within-group trust. These findings contrast with prominent perspectives on air-power, counterinsurgency, and US counterterrorism, suggesting select drone deployments can be an effective tool of counterinsurgency and counterterrorism.

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Difference in the Cesium Body Contents of Affected Area Residents Depending on the Evacuation Timepoint Following the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

Health Physics ◽

10.1097/hp.0000000000001249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 119 (6) ◽

pp. 733-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Igarashi ◽

Eunjoo Kim ◽

Shozo Hashimoto ◽

Kotaro Tani ◽

Kazuaki Yajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Affected Area ◽

Nuclear Disaster ◽

Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

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Digital Folklore in Early Childhood Disaster Education

2020 8th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM) ◽

10.1109/citsm50537.2020.9268864 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maila D.H. Rahiem ◽

Husni Rahim ◽

Imam Subchi ◽

Zulkifli ◽

Sururin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Disaster Education

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Biodiversity of butterflies in endosulfan-affected areas of Kerala, India

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-020-00192-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

Author(s):

K. N. Raghavendra ◽

Kumar Arvind ◽

G. K. Anushree ◽

Tony Grace

Keyword(s):

Monsoon Season ◽

Winter Season ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Affected Area ◽

Butterfly Assemblages ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract Background Butterflies are considered as bio-indicators of a healthy and diversified ecosystem. Endosulfan was sprayed indiscriminately in large plantations of Kasaragod district, Kerala which had caused serious threats to the ecosystem. In this study, we surveyed the butterflies for their abundance and diversity in three differentially endosulfan-affected areas viz., Enmakaje—highly affected area, Periye—moderately affected area, Padanakkad—unaffected area, carried out between the end of the monsoon season and the start of the winter season, lasting approximately 100 days. Seven variables viz., butterfly abundance (N), species richness (S), Simpson’s reciprocal index (D), the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), the exponential of the Shannon–Wiener index (expH′), Pielou’s evenness (J) and species evenness (D/S), related to species diversity were estimated, followed by the one-way ANOVA (F = 25.01, p < 0.001) and the Kruskal-Wallis test (H = 22.59, p < 0.001). Results A population of three different butterfly assemblages comprised of 2300 butterflies which represented 61 species were encountered. Our results showed that Enmakaje displayed significantly lower butterfly diversity and abundance, compared to the other two communities. Conclusion So far, this is the first study concerning the effect of endosulfan on the biodiversity of butterfly in the affected areas of Kasaragod, Kerala, India. This study may present an indirect assessment of the persisting effects of endosulfan in the affected areas, suggesting its long-term effects on the ecosystem.

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