scholarly journals Biodiversity of butterflies in endosulfan-affected areas of Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Raghavendra ◽  
Kumar Arvind ◽  
G. K. Anushree ◽  
Tony Grace
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Butterfly Assemblages ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background Butterflies are considered as bio-indicators of a healthy and diversified ecosystem. Endosulfan was sprayed indiscriminately in large plantations of Kasaragod district, Kerala which had caused serious threats to the ecosystem. In this study, we surveyed the butterflies for their abundance and diversity in three differentially endosulfan-affected areas viz., Enmakaje—highly affected area, Periye—moderately affected area, Padanakkad—unaffected area, carried out between the end of the monsoon season and the start of the winter season, lasting approximately 100 days. Seven variables viz., butterfly abundance (N), species richness (S), Simpson’s reciprocal index (D), the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), the exponential of the Shannon–Wiener index (expH′), Pielou’s evenness (J) and species evenness (D/S), related to species diversity were estimated, followed by the one-way ANOVA (F = 25.01, p < 0.001) and the Kruskal-Wallis test (H = 22.59, p < 0.001). Results A population of three different butterfly assemblages comprised of 2300 butterflies which represented 61 species were encountered. Our results showed that Enmakaje displayed significantly lower butterfly diversity and abundance, compared to the other two communities. Conclusion So far, this is the first study concerning the effect of endosulfan on the biodiversity of butterfly in the affected areas of Kasaragod, Kerala, India. This study may present an indirect assessment of the persisting effects of endosulfan in the affected areas, suggesting its long-term effects on the ecosystem.

Bildungsgerechtigkeit in der Krise: Welche potenziellen Auswirkungen hat die Corona-Pandemie auf die frühe Bildung?

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 419-435
Author(s):  
Susanne Lochner ◽  
Katharina Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Educational Equality ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Frühe Bildung ◽  
The One

Die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Covid-19-Pandemie trafen Familien mit kleinen Kindern besonders hart: Ausgangsbeschränkungen, die Abriegelung von Spielplätzen und allem voran die Schließungen von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen stellten nicht nur den familiären Alltag auf den Kopf, sondern haben möglicherweise auch langfristige Folgen für die altersgerechte Entwicklung und den Kompetenzerwerb von Kindern. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, welche Auswirkungen sich aus den Einschränkungen des Kita-­Betriebs in der Corona-Pandemie auf die Bildungsgerechtigkeit in der frühen Kindheit ergeben können. Da keine vergleichbaren historischen Ereignisse zur Prognose von potenziellen Auswirkungen herangezogen werden können, werden zum einen die Ergebnisse von Wirksamkeitsstudien zu institutionalisierter früher Bildung aufbereitet und zum anderen erste Befunde aus ad-hoc Erhebungen des ersten Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 analysiert. Bilanzierend werden aus den Befunden mögliche kurz-, mittel- und langfristige Auswirkungen abgeleitet, die Bildungsungerechtigkeit bereits in der frühen Kindheit verstärken können. Abstract: Educational Equality in the Crisis: What Impact does the Corona Pandemic have on Early Childhood Education? The actions taken to contain the Covid-19 pandemic hit families with young children particularly hard. Social restrictions, the closure of playgrounds and, above all, the lockdown of day-care facilities did not only turn everyday family life upside down, but could also have long-term consequences for child development and acquisition of skills. This article is devoted to the question of what effects the measures to contain the coronavirus pandemic can have on educational equality in early childhood. Since no comparable historical events can be used to forecast potential impacts, the results of efficacy studies on institutionalized early education are reported on the one hand and initial findings from ad-hoc surveys conducted during the first lockdown in spring 2020 are ana­lyzed on the other. The findings suggest short, middle and long-term effects of the corona measures taken that can intensify educational inequality in early childhood.

scholarly journals Satellite-based study of physico-optical properties of aerosols over a westernmost location of Brahmaputra valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhuma Biswas 1
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Term Analysis

This study examines the long term trend of the radiatively active atmospheric aerosols which can influence the Earth’s energy budget directly by scattering and absorbing radiation and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. MODIS sensor on board the NASA Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua satellite based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data are used for long term analysis of aerosols over Bongaigaon, Assam for the period August, 2002 to March, 2017. Highest AOD values are observed in pre-monsoon (March-May) season due to long range transportation as well as intense biomass burning activities especially as a part of Jhum cultivation. In general, AOD values are low in post-monsoon (October-November) season which may be due to wash out of aerosols by rain in the preceding months without enough replacement. The monthly AOD values vary from its highest value 0.949 in April, 2016 to its lowest value 0.107 in November, 2002 for the study period. From the comparison of MODIS Terra and Aqua AOD at 550 nm, it is clearly seen that generally Terra AOD at 10:30 hr is higher than the Aqua AOD at 13:30hr. A slowly increasing trend of both Aqua and Terra AOD at 550 nm is observed over the study location. The observed Ångström exponent value varies from its minimum value in monsoon season to its maximum value in winter season. With increasing AOD values, horizontal visibility decreases over Bongaigaon.

The Emergence of the Asian System of Powers

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Stargardt
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Administrative Experience ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One

The ‘downward sweep’ of Japan after Pearl Harbor has been widely noted for its long-term effects in Southeast Asia. The rule of the established colonial masters was shattered, and those failing to escape disappeared into the camps of the Kempeitai. In Burma and Java, in particular, Japanese rule promoted local organizations, local administratiors, the indigenous language and, in Burma, a ‘national’ government and a ‘national’ army, under Japanese supervision: the one thing Japan did not bring was freedom and independence. Yet the greatly-increased social mobility and political, military and administrative experience had long-term consequences: none of the post-war attempts at colonial restoration proved viable.

Trend and Variability Analysis of Sunshine Duration in Divisional Headquarters of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
MA Farukh ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
L Akter ◽  
R Khatun
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
North East ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Sunshine Hour

In this study, Sunshine duration data of eight divisional headquarters of Bangladesh Meteorological Stations (Dhaka, Rangpur, Rajshahi, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Barishal, Khulna and Chattagram) were analyzed to evaluate the long-term changes and trends. The data used are the BMD data spanning from 1980 to 2010. The annual sunshine duration has decreased by the month of (June –September) from 1980 to 2010. Seasonal changes in sunshine duration were also analyzed where the maximum decline was found in rainy-monsoon season (June – September), the winter season (December – February), then the post-monsoon season (October – November) and the minimum in the pre-monsoon season (March – May). Analysis of observed data before and after 2000 represents the sunshine durations have decreasing trends in all divisional headquarters of Bangladesh except Chattagram station during the month of (January – December). General Circulation Model (GCM) defined that the maximum sunshine hour was decline north-east and south-west in all divisional headquarters of Bangladesh during the month of (June – September) and the minimum sunshine hour was decline in eastern part of the country during the month of (March – May). Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 127-133, 2019

Representing the Battle of Zama to Create an Iconic Event

Antichthon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Billot
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Second Punic War ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Silius Italicus ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article compares the use of certain literary, structural and historical features by Polybius, Livy and Silius Italicus in their representations of the battle of Zama in 202 BC between the Romans and Carthaginians. It is argued that through their application of these features they present the battle as an iconic event and position it as a grand finale to the Second Punic War. The comparisons highlight some of the literary constructs in Polybius’Historiesand illustrate how some later authors adapt and possibly respond to Polybius’ presentation.Similarities in presentation to emphasise the importance of the battle do not necessarily mean that the authors convey the same message over the long term effects of its outcome. For example, where Polybius’ special treatment of the battle of Zama, Hannibal and Scipio reflects his belief in the pivotal role the Roman victory played in changing the balance of power across the ancient Mediterranean world (15.9.2, 10.2), Silius Italicus’ special treatment may also be read as presenting the outcome of the battle in terms of causing a shift in power balance, in this case within the city of Rome, and leading to the development of the principate and the one-man rule of imperial Rome (17.653-4, 3.261-4).

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Rainfall in Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh State in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
M. Satya Swarupa Rani ◽  
R. Asha ◽  
G. M. V. Prasadarao
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Climate Analysis

Globally, precipitation trend analysis in different space and time has great impact on crop-planning activities. To get accurate unbiased results a long-term climate analysis of a particular area required in large variability in both spatially, temporally. For sustainable crop production long term weather analysis act as vital role in alternation of existing cropping patterns. This study aimed at analysing the trend of rainfall events in Prakasam district of Andhra state of India the data consists of annual precipitation time series from 1991-2019. Initially study concerns with analysis of data base using descriptive statistics, later trend change was detected by using non parametric tests. The results indicate an increased trend in June and monsoon season, with a decreased trend in July and winter season at 5% level of significance.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kombinasi Bahan Pengencer Air Kelapa, Kuning Telur dan Gliserol terhadap Normalitas Spermatozoa Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qudrati Rohmah ◽  
Hari Santoso ◽  
Hasan Zayadi
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Storage Technique

Cryopreservation semen is one of the techniques used to defend the life-cell storage technique and the structural intact network in the long term at very low temperatures, but the use of improper diluent solutions in Cooling may cause abnormalities in the cells. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the immaturity of spermatozoa clotting combination of coconut water, egg yolks, and glycerol against a goldfish's spermatozoa abnormality (Cyprinus carpio L.) with two different storage times. The research method of using spermatozoa thinners with the treatment of 3 variant combinations namely: A1 (70% coconut water: 20% egg yolks: 10% glycerol); A2 (60% coconut water: 30% egg yolks: 10% glycerol); A3 (50% coconut water: 40% egg yolks: 10% glycerol) each stored for 24 hours and 48h, with 4 x repeats. The research material is a goldfish spermatozoa (Cyprinus carpio L.) taken from a mature gonads. A test of spermatozoa abnormalities is performed using five points of view for each sample, calculated by the abnormalities of spermatozoa with the formula of abnormalities, and analyses using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the combination of the 24 hour shelf life of A1 was not significantly different to the fresh sperm abnormalities. In the introduction of the A2 combination, and A3 indicates significantly different with the sig (0.022); Long storage time affects the abnormality of spermatozoa with sig (0.001) This suggests that the longer the Spermatozoa storage in a combination of thinners occurs increased abnormalities of the goldfish spermatozoa (Cyprinus carpio L).Keywords: abnormalities, spermatozoa, glycerol, Cyprinus carpio LABSTRAKKriopreservasi semen merupakan teknik untuk mempertahakan penyimpanan sel hidup dan jaringan yang utuh secara struktural dalam jangka panjang di suhu sangat rendah, larutan pengencer yang tidak tepat dalam pendinginan dapat menyebabkan abnormalitas pada sel. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa pengaruh pemberian pengencer pembekuan spermatozoa kombinasi air kelapa, kuning telur, dan gliserol terhadap abnormalitas spermatozoa ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) pada dua waktu penyimpanan yang berbeda. Metode penelitian menggunakan pengencer spermatozoa dengan perlakuan 3 varian kombinasi yakni :A1 (70% air  kelapa : 20% kuning telur : 10% gliserol); A2(60% airkelapa : 30% kuning telur : 10% gliserol); A3 (50% air kelapa : 40% kuning telur : 10% gliserol) yang masing-masing disimpan selama 24 jam dan 48jam, dengan 4 x ulangan. Bahan penelitian adalah spermatozoa ikan mas(Cyprinus carpio L.) diambil dari gonad yang matang. Uji abnormalitas spermatozoa dilakukan menggunakan lima lapang pandang untuk masing-masing sampel, dihitung abnormalitas spermatozoa dengan rumus abnormalitas, dan dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa pemberian kombinasi A1 masa simpan 24jam tidak berbeda secara signifikan terhadap abnormalitas sperma segar. Pada pemberian kombinasi A2, dan A3 menunjukkan berbeda signifikan dengan sig (0,022); lama waktu penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap abnormalitas spermatozoa dengan sig (0,001) hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi pengencer yang tepat dapat digunakan  dalammempertahakan nilai normalitas pada pengawetan spermatozoa ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L).Kata kunci :Abnormalitas, spermatozoa, gliserol, Cyprinus carpio L

Abundance and diversity of soil arthropods in a tropical deciduous forest and mangrove forest of Kerala, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Krishnapriya P D ◽  
Binoy C F
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Soil Arthropods ◽  
Mangrove Habitat ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The abundance and diversity of soil arthropods in the Marottichal tropical deciduous forest and Kodungallur mangrove habitat of Thrissur District were studied. A total of 98 species belonging to 15 orders and 5 classes were obtained from the study area. Of these, 59 species belonging to 13 orders and 3 classes were recorded from forest habitat and 47 species belonging to 8 orders and 4 classes from mangroves. Order Coleoptera was the most abundant in both forest (30.69%) and mangrove (36.5%) habitats. Sorenson’s similarity index showed only 15.09% similarity among species indicating that both the habitats harboured significantly different types of species. It was noted that, as the humidity and moisture decreased, the abundance of species also decreased in both habitats. Temperature was negatively correlated with abundance of species. The diversity in forest habitat (4.03) was higher than mangrove habitat (3.77). Maximum abundance was recorded during monsoon season (June- August) and least during winter season (December- February). The species accumulation curve plotted for the study area indicated that there are more species likely to be discovered in both the habitats.

scholarly journals Induction of Immunologic Tolerance for Transplantation

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALDO A. ROSSINI ◽  
DALE L. GREINER ◽  
JOHN P. MORDES
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Immunologic Tolerance ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clinical Reality ◽  
Passenger Leukocytes ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
The One ◽  
Future Therapy

Rossini, Aldo A., Dale L. Greiner, and John P. Mordes. Induction of Immunologic Tolerance for Transplantation. Physiol. Rev. 79: 99–141, 1999. — In the second half of the 20th century, the transplantation of replacement organs and tissues to cure disease has become a clinical reality. Success has been achieved as a direct result of progress in understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the immune system. This understanding has led to the development of immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals that are part of nearly every transplantation procedure. All such drugs are toxic to some degree, however, and their chronic use, mandatory in transplantation, predisposes the patient to the development of infection and cancer. In addition, many of them may have deleterious long-term effects on the function of grafts. New immunosuppressive agents are constantly under development, but organ transplantation remains a therapy that requires patients to choose between the risks of their primary illness and its treatment on the one hand, and the risks of life-long systemic immunosuppression on the other. Alternatives to immunosuppression include modulation of donor grafts to reduce immunogenicity, removal of passenger leukocytes, transplantation into immunologically privileged sites like the testis or thymus, encapsulation of tissue, and the induction of a state of immunologic tolerance. It is the last of these alternatives that has, perhaps, the most promise and most generic applicability as a future therapy. Recent reports documenting long-term graft survival in the absence of immunosuppression suggest that tolerance-based therapies may soon become a clinical reality. Of particular interest to our laboratory are transplantation strategies that focus on the induction of donor-specific T-cell unresponsiveness. The basic biology, protocols, experimental outcomes, and clinical implications of tolerance-based transplantation are the focus of this review.

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